The notion of Internet of Things (IoT), as well as related topics such as Cyber-Physical Systems, Industrie 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing are currently attracting a lot of attention within the process and manufacturing industries. Clearly, IoT offers many potential applications for automation, ranging from engineering installation of new plants to production management and more intelligent maintenance schemes including novel sensor technologies. The focus of this paper is, however, on the control and operations. Most likely IoT leads to new system architectures where open standards play a significant role. Through better connectivity, information will be much more easily available, which could result in that previously isolated functions will become more closely integrated. Here modeling at the right level of fidelity will be absolutely key. It can be expected that the importance of optimization will increase and this paper discusses some aspects related to the opportunities, challenges and changes triggered by IoT.

物联网（IoT）以及相关主题（如网络物理系统，工业4.0和智能制造）目前在过程和制造业中引起了很多关注。显然，物联网为自动化提供了许多潜在的应用程序，从新工厂的工程安装到生产管理以及包括新型传感器技术在内的更智能的维护方案。但是，本文的重点是控制和操作。IoT最有可能导致新的系统架构在开放标准中发挥重要作用。通过更好的连通性，信息将更容易获得，这可能导致以前隔离的功能将变得更加紧密地集成在一起。在这里，在正确的保真度级别上建模绝对是关键。