We analyze economic opportunities for industrial facilities provided by frequency regulation (FR) markets. We use classical frequency domain analysis techniques to characterize the harmonic content of FR signals and to analyze the impact of such harmonics on the response of dynamical systems. The analysis reveals that systems with slow dynamics, as those found in large industrial facilities, are suitable to provide FR capacity because they can naturally damp the dominant high-frequency harmonic content of FR signals. We also propose optimization formulations to quantify the maximum amount of FR capacity that can be provided by a system given its dynamic characteristics, its control architecture. A distillation case study demonstrates that significant economic potential exists for large industrial facilities.

我们分析由频率调节（FR）市场提供的工业设施的经济机会。我们使用经典的频域分析技术来表征FR信号的谐波含量，并分析此类谐波对动力系统响应的影响。分析表明，动态速度较慢的系统（如大型工业设施中的系统）适合提供FR容量，因为它们可以自然地衰减FR信号的主要高频谐波含量。我们还提出了优化公式，以量化在给定其动态特性，其控制体系结构的系统中可以提供的最大FR容量。蒸馏案例研究表明，大型工业设施具有巨大的经济潜力。