We address the weaknesses inherent in the social risk assessments undertaken for business, especially hi the extractive industries. In contrast to the conventional approach that considers consequence to the company rather than to impacted communities, conformance with the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights requires that consequence to affected communities has precedence. In order for social risks to be properly assessed, we consider that: companies need to know and understand the human rights impacts of their activities; contemporary approaches to project impact and risk assessment need to be adapted to consider human rights; and environmental impact assessment (EIA) and social impact assessment (SIA) methods need to be adapted to give greater attention to impacts on human rights. Using an example from the mining, oil and gas sector, we provide a method that differentiates social risks from business risks, and we position impact assessment as an instrument that actively facilitates the improved identification, analysis and management of social risks. Practical adaptations to SIA activities and risk assessment processes are provided. Taking human rights impacts into account and using the dimensions of gravity, extent, vulnerability and remediability, we nominate criteria to assess the significance of negative social impacts.

中文翻译：

---

调整社会影响评估以解决项目的人权影响和风险

我们解决了为企业进行的社会风险评估所固有的弱点，尤其是在采掘业。与考虑对公司而非受影响社区的后果的传统方法相比，符合联合国商业与人权指导原则要求优先考虑对受影响社区的后果。为了正确评估社会风险，我们认为： 公司需要了解和了解其活动对人权的影响；需要调整项目影响和风险评估的当代方法以考虑人权；环境影响评估 (EIA) 和社会影响评估 (SIA) 方法需要进行调整，以更加关注对人权的影响。使用采矿中的一个例子，石油和天然气领域，我们提供了一种区分社会风险和业务风险的方法，我们将影响评估定位为一种积极促进社会风险识别、分析和管理改进的工具。提供了对 SIA 活动和风险评估过程的实际调整。考虑到人权影响，并使用严重性、程度、脆弱性和可补救性等维度，我们指定了评估负面社会影响重要性的标准。