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Community participation in Health Impact Assessment. A scoping review of the literature
Environmental Impact Assessment Review ( IF 6.122 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2017.06.004
Lea den Broeder , Ellen Uiters , Wim ten Have , Annemarie Wagemakers , Albertine Jantine Schuit

Abstract Currently, the engagement of local communities in Health Impact Assessment is becoming more and more important. A scoping review was performed to take stock of visions, methods and experiences in this field. A combined Scopus and Medline search yielded 100 articles in scientific journals. The final selection consisted of 43 papers, including case studies, evaluation studies, reviews, and opinion papers. After analysis, consultation of four experts was performed to check preliminary study outcomes. A grey literature web search was performed to check and complement the results. Results show that community participation is generally considered a core element in HIA. Views as expressed in the papers concern, firstly, the need for and value of local knowledge, secondly, the adherence to or application of democratic values and, thirdly, empowerment of communities. Three categories of methods are used in relation to community participation, often in combination: methods to facilitate knowledge elicitation, to ensure the inclusion of communities in the HIA process, and to build community capacity to participate in policy development. However, the theoretical or practical underpinning of the choice for specific methods is mostly not presented. The experiences described in the papers mainly focus on the access to local knowledge and its usability as a source of evidence in the HIA process. Described effects of community participation are (improved) relations between communities and local agencies, policy makers and professionals and the empowerment of community members. Although these effects are ascribed to community participation, many papers do not provide support for this conclusion beyond the retrospective perception of participants. Expert consultation and additional analysis of the grey literature supported the results derived from the scientific literature and provided more in-depth knowledge. In the grey literature theoretical frameworks, methods and tools for community participation in HIA were more extensively reported as compared to the scientific literature. We conclude that the visions, methods and experiences concerning community participation show that a participative approach may contribute to better, context specific knowledge. It appears that participative HIA has health promotion potential as it helps develop responsive policies. To accomplish this, HIA should, firstly, be better embedded in broader health promotion programmes. Secondly, the methods and approaches for community participation applied in HIA should be theory-informed and well described. The grey literature offers entry points. Finally, more robust and systematic evaluation and research is needed to assess the impact of HIAs on communities and policies.

中文翻译:

社区参与健康影响评估。文献综述

摘要 当前,当地社区参与健康影响评估变得越来越重要。进行了范围界定审查,以评估该领域的愿景、方法和经验。Scopus 和 Medline 的联合搜索在科学期刊上产生了 100 篇文章。最终评选由43篇论文组成,包括案例研究、评估研究、评论和意见论文。分析后,与四位专家进行会诊,以检查初步研究结果。进行了灰色文献网络搜索以检查和补充结果。结果表明,社区参与通常被认为是 HIA 的核心要素。文件中表达的观点首先涉及当地知识的必要性和价值,其次,民主价值观的坚持或应用,第三,社区赋权。与社区参与相关的三类方法通常结合使用:促进知识获取的方法,确保社区参与 HIA 过程的方法,以及建立社区参与政策制定的能力的方法。然而,大多数没有介绍选择特定方法的理论或实践基础。论文中描述的经验主要侧重于获取本地知识及其作为 HIA 过程中证据来源的可用性。所描述的社区参与的效果是(改善)社区与地方机构、政策制定者和专业人士之间的关系以及社区成员的赋权。尽管这些影响归因于社区参与,除了参与者的回顾性看法之外,许多论文并没有为这一结论提供支持。专家咨询和对灰色文献的额外分析支持了从科学文献中得出的结果,并提供了更深入的知识。与科学文献相比,在灰色文献理论框架中,社区参与 HIA 的方法和工具得到了更广泛的报道。我们得出的结论是,关于社区参与的愿景、方法和经验表明,参与式方法可能有助于获得更好的、特定于背景的知识。参与式 HIA 似乎具有促进健康的潜力,因为它有助于制定响应政策。为实现这一目标,HIA 首先应更好地融入更广泛的健康促进计划。第二,在 HIA 中应用的社区参与的方法和方法应该是有理论依据的并且得到很好的描述。灰色文献提供了切入点。最后,需要更强有力和系统的评估和研究来评估 HIA 对社区和政策的影响。
更新日期:2017-09-01
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