Different long-term mitigation scenarios indicate carbon capture and storage associated with biomass (BECCS) might play a significant role in climate-change mitigation efforts, especially when it comes to long-term temperature stabilization. The ethanol fermentation process is considered as an early opportunity for BECCS deployment due to its low capture costs. Being a major ethanol producer, Brazil stands in a privileged position for the development of this technological option. However, previous scientific studies indicate several challenges for the deployment of a CO₂ transportation network in the country, mostly as a result of the associated seasonality of the sugarcane industry and consequent idleness observed in the carbon transportation infrastructure. To address those issues, this study developed and applied a methodology to design an optimum carbon network considering an alternative concept: the incorporation of new CO₂ emission sources aiming at guaranteeing adequate operational flows throughout the year, minimizing idleness and reducing transportation costs. Findings indicate that the incorporation of new CO₂ emission sources reduces transportation costs. The inclusion of CO₂ from both the cogeneration process and fossil sources results in an average levelized cost of transportation of 26 US$/tCO₂ (54% lower than transportation costs in the baseline case). However, this reduction in transportation costs does not compensate for the increase in capture costs, resulting in higher levelized abatement costs for the whole system. Indeed, cases including cogeneration have reached a levelized abatement cost of approximately 125 US$/tCO₂ (84% higher than in the baseline case). Nevertheless, by reducing transportation costs the strategy adopted in this study could facilitate the development of a carbon transportation network. Additionally, the integration of fossil-derived CO₂ has proved beneficial to the system, allowing improvements in flow regularity and reducing idleness problems related to the seasonality of biogenic sources.

不同的长期缓解方案表明，与生物量相关的碳捕获和存储（BECCS）可能在缓解气候变化的努力中发挥重要作用，尤其是在长期温度稳定方面。由于乙醇发酵工艺的捕获成本低，因此被认为是BECCS部署的早期机会。作为主要的乙醇生产国，巴西在开发该技术方案方面处于特权地位。但是，先前的科学研究表明，部署CO ₂面临若干挑战该国的交通网络，主要是由于相关的甘蔗行业季节性变化和随之而来的碳交通基础设施闲置。为了解决这些问题，本研究开发并应用了一种方法来设计最佳碳网络，其中考虑了一个替代概念：合并新的CO ₂排放源，旨在确保全年有足够的运营流量，最大程度地减少闲置并降低运输成本。研究结果表明，合并新的CO ₂排放源可降低运输成本。来自热电联产过程和化石来源的CO ₂的平均运输成本平均为26美元/吨CO ₂（比基准情况下的运输成本低54％）。但是，运输成本的这种降低无法弥补捕获成本的增加，导致整个系统的减排成本更高。实际上，包括热电联产在内的案例已经达到了约125美元/吨CO _2的平均减排成本（比基准案例高84％）。但是，通过降低运输成本，本研究中采用的策略可以促进碳运输网络的发展。此外，已证明整合化石衍生的CO ₂对系统有利，可以改善流量规律性并减少与生物源季节性相关的闲置问题。