Abstract To understand what entropy is, thermodynamical entropy was derived from Boltzmann's entropy formula. After defining the Helmholtz and the Gibbs free energies, we calculated the formation Gibbs free energies of an equilibrium and a non-equilibrium nucleus following Toschev's approach taking a water droplet as an example. It is demonstrated that the Gibbs free energy for the formation of a cluster takes the maximum as the cluster radius is increased. The cluster at this maximum is called critical nucleus. Thermodynamics is also a useful tool to obtain the rate of crystal growth in a vapor phase. The partial pressures of all gaseous species are calculated by solving equations given by the law of mass action and the initial conditions. The mathematical formulas to give the growth rates in a closed tube and in a gas flow system are derived.

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热力学 - 用于理解晶体生长 -

摘要 为了理解什么是熵，热力学熵是从玻尔兹曼熵公式推导出来的。在定义了亥姆霍兹自由能和吉布斯自由能之后，我们按照托舍夫的方法以水滴为例计算了平衡核和非平衡核的形成吉布斯自由能。结果表明，随着团簇半径的增加，团簇形成的吉布斯自由能达到最大值。这个最大值的簇称为临界核。热力学也是获得气相晶体生长速率的有用工具。通过求解由质量作用定律和初始条件给出的方程来计算所有气体物质的分压。