Abstract This study reports qualitative profiling of the phenolic compounds in an indigenously developed purple radish genotype VRRAD-151 using ultra performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. The root and leaf samples were harvested at the horticultural maturity stage of the genotype. Roots were divided into the periderm, and xylem, and the leaf samples were divided into petiole, and lamina, and these were separately extracted with methanol before the LC-MS analysis. A total of 66 compounds, including 23 flavonols, 1 dihydroflavonols, 4 flavonones, 4 flavones, 28 anthocyanins, 2 isoflavonoids, 3 phenolic acids, and 1 hydroxybenzaldehyde were putatively identified based on high resolution accurate mass analysis with the data processing through UNIFI®, which is a comprehensive compound identification software solution. An in-house developed database comprising the secondary metabolites of polyphenols was used for the screening purpose, and each phenolic compound was identified based on the detection of the precursor ion, and at least one characteristic fragment ion, each with less than 5 ppm of mass error. Anthocyanins were the most abundant type of phenolics exhibiting 59% in leaf petiole, 80% in root periderm, and 90% in root xylem. The relative concentration of anthocyanins was lower (11%) in the leaf lamina. Cyanidins were the most predominant anthocyanins accounting for 54, 100, 90 and 65%, in leaf lamina, leaf petiole, root periderm and root xylem, respectively. Eight anthocyanins and 25 flavonols (except kaempferol-3-O-p-coumaryl-shophoroside-7-O-glucoside) are tentatively new identifications and reported for the first time in radish. Flavonols were found to be the predominant group of phenolic compounds in the leaf lamina, and interestingly, the gradient of antioxidant activity followed the (relative) concentration gradient of flavonols in the samples. The relative antioxidant activity of various fractions when compared with each other, followed the trend: leaf lamina > root periderm > leaf petiole ≈ root xylem. Based on the results it can be reflected that this genotype can be utilized as a functional food for management of various human and animal diseases. Since the detected anthocyanins were mostly present in acylated forms, this genotype can function as a potential source of stable natural colorants.

中文翻译：

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酚类化合物的高分辨率 LC-MS 表征和热带紫萝卜基因型的抗氧化特性评价

摘要 本研究报告了使用超高效液相色谱和四极杆飞行时间质谱法对本土开发的紫萝卜基因型 VRRAD-151 中酚类化合物的定性分析。在基因型的园艺成熟阶段收获根和叶样品。根分为周皮和木质部，叶样品分为叶柄和叶片，在LC-MS分析前分别用甲醇提取。经UNIFI®高分辨率精确质量分析和数据处理，共鉴定出66种化合物，包括23种黄酮醇、1种二氢黄酮醇、4种黄酮酮、4种黄酮、28种花青素、2种异黄酮、3种酚酸和1种羟基苯甲醛，这是一个全面的化合物识别软件解决方案。内部开发的包含多酚次生代谢物的数据库用于筛选目的，并根据前体离子和至少一个特征碎片离子的检测确定每种酚类化合物，每个质量小于 5 ppm错误。花青素是最丰富的酚类物质，在叶柄中占 59%，在根周皮中占 80%，在根木质部中占 90%。叶片中花青素的相对浓度较低 (11%)。花青素是最主要的花青素，分别在叶层、叶柄、根周皮和根木质部中占 54%、100%、90% 和 65%。8 种花青素和 25 种黄酮醇（山奈酚-3-Op-coumaryl-shophoroside-7-O-glucoside 除外）为初步鉴定，首次在萝卜中报道。发现黄酮醇是叶片中酚类化合物的主要组别，有趣的是，抗氧化活性的梯度遵循样品中黄酮醇的（相对）浓度梯度。各组分的相对抗氧化活性相互比较，趋势为：叶层>根周皮>叶柄≈根木质部。结果表明，该基因型可作为功能性食品用于治疗各种人类和动物疾病。由于检测到的花青素大多以酰化形式存在，