Cancer risk assessment of therapeutics is plagued by poor translatability of rodent models of carcinogenesis. In order to overcome this fundamental limitation, new approaches are needed that enable us to evaluate cancer risk directly in humans and human-based cellular models. Our enhanced understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and the influence of human genome sequence variation on cancer risk motivates us to re-evaluate how we assess the carcinogenic risk of therapeutics. This review will highlight new opportunities for applying this knowledge to the development of a battery of human-based in vitro models and biomarkers for assessing cancer risk of novel therapeutics.

啮齿动物致癌模型的可翻译性差，困扰着治疗剂的癌症风险评估。为了克服这一基本局限性，需要使我们能够直接在人类和基于人类的细胞模型中评估癌症风险的新方法。我们对致癌机理和人类基因组序列变异对癌症风险的影响的加深理解促使我们重新评估我们如何评估治疗剂的致癌风险。这篇综述将重点介绍将这种知识应用于开发一系列基于人类的体外模型和生物标记物以评估新型疗法的癌症风险的新机会。