The extreme toxicity and ready accessibility of nerve agents and phosgene has caused an increase in the demand to develop effective systems for the detection of these substances. Among the traditional platforms utilized for this purpose, chemosensors including surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, enzymes, carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, and chromophore based sensors have attracted increasing attention. In this review, we describe in a comprehensive manner recent progress that has been made on the development of chromophore-based chemosensors for detecting nerve agents (mimic) and phosgene. This review comprises two sections focusing on studies of the development of chemosensors for nerve agents (mimic) and phosgene. In each of the sections, the discussion follows a format which concentrates on different reaction sites/mechanisms involved in the sensing processes. Finally, chemosensors uncovered in these efforts are compared with those based on other sensing methods and challenges facing the design of more effective chemosensors for the detection of nerve agents (mimic) and phosgene are discussed.

中文翻译：

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基于发色团的化学剂和光气化学传感器的最新进展

神经毒剂和光气的极高毒性以及易于获取的特性，导致开发用于检测这些物质的有效系统的需求增加。在用于此目的的传统平台中，包括表面声波（SAW）传感器，酶，碳纳米管，纳米颗粒和发色团基传感器在内的化学传感器吸引了越来越多的关注。在这篇综述中，我们以全面的方式描述了基于发色团的化学传感器在检测神经毒剂（模拟物）和光气方面的最新进展。这篇综述包括两个部分，重点研究了用于神经毒剂（模拟物）和光气的化学传感器的开发。在每个部分中 讨论遵循的格式集中在传感过程中涉及的不同反应部位/机制上。最后，将在这些努力中发现的化学传感器与基于其他传感方法的化学传感器进行了比较，并讨论了设计更有效的化学传感器用于检测神经毒剂（模拟物）和光气所面临的挑战。