Activity-dependent transcriptional responses shape cortical function. However, a comprehensive understanding of the diversity of these responses across the full range of cortical cell types, and how these changes contribute to neuronal plasticity and disease, is lacking. To investigate the breadth of transcriptional changes that occur across cell types in the mouse visual cortex after exposure to light, we applied high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing. We identified significant and divergent transcriptional responses to stimulation in each of the 30 cell types characterized, thus revealing 611 stimulus-responsive genes. Excitatory pyramidal neurons exhibited inter- and intralaminar heterogeneity in the induction of stimulus-responsive genes. Non-neuronal cells showed clear transcriptional responses that may regulate experience-dependent changes in neurovascular coupling and myelination. Together, these results reveal the dynamic landscape of the stimulus-dependent transcriptional changes occurring across cell types in the visual cortex; these changes are probably critical for cortical function and may be sites of deregulation in developmental brain disorders.

中文翻译：

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小鼠视皮层中依赖经验的转录组状态的单细胞分析。

活动依赖的转录反应塑造皮层功能。但是，缺乏对整个皮层细胞类型中这些反应的多样性以及这些变化如何导致神经元可塑性和疾病的全面了解。为了研究暴露于光后的小鼠视觉皮层中各种细胞类型发生的转录变化的广度，我们应用了高通量单细胞RNA测序技术。我们在表征的30种细胞类型中的每一种中均确定了对刺激的显着且不同的转录反应，从而揭示了611个刺激反应基因。兴奋性锥体神经元在刺激反应性基因的诱导中表现出层间和层内异质性。非神经元细胞显示出清晰的转录反应，可以调节依赖于经验的神经血管偶联和髓鞘形成的变化。总之，这些结果揭示了视觉皮层中跨细胞类型发生的依赖刺激的转录变化的动态格局。这些变化可能对皮质功能至关重要，并且可能是发育性脑部疾病中放松调节的部位。