Bipolar disorder (BD) is a leading cause of global disability. Its biological basis is unknown, and its treatment unsatisfactory. Here, we review two recent areas of progress. First, the discovery of risk genes and their implications, with a focus on voltage-gated calcium channels as part of the disease process and as a drug target. Second, facilitated by new technologies, it is increasingly apparent that the bipolar phenotype is more complex and nuanced than simply one of recurring manic and depressive episodes. One such feature is persistent mood instability, and efforts are underway to understand its mechanisms and its therapeutic potential. BD illustrates how psychiatry is being transformed by contemporary neuroscience, genomics, and digital approaches.

中文翻译：

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双相情感障碍的新兴神经生物学

双相情感障碍（BD）是全球残疾的主要原因。其生物学基础不明，治疗效果不佳。在这里，我们回顾了两个最近取得进展的领域。首先，风险基因的发现及其影响，重点关注电压门控钙通道作为疾病过程的一部分和作为药物靶点。其次，在新技术的推动下，越来越明显的是，双相表型比简单的反复躁狂和抑郁发作更为复杂和微妙。其中一个特征是持续的情绪不稳定，并且正在努力了解其机制和治疗潜力。BD 展示了当代神经科学、基因组学和数字方法如何改变精神病学。