The creation of a cooperative effect between zero-dimensional (0D) SnO₂ particles and carbonaceous materials with space-confined structures has shown great potential in achieving advanced lithium-ion battery anodes (LIBs), but is full of challenges. Herein, we report a novel and green approach for the preparation of uniform SnO₂ nanocrystals anchored within a continuous mesoporous carbon network. For the first time, the formation of SnO₂ nanocrystals and in situ carbon-coating were achieved simultaneously through the ion exchange and hydrothermal method (IEHM), and the subsequent calcination further endows the composites with a robust 3D-interconnected porous structure. The resulting product consists of SnO₂ nanocrystals with a uniform size (2.2–3.8 nm) and continuous mesoporous carbon network, which exhibits a large surface area (257 m² g⁻¹) and a high content of SnO₂ (∼70 wt%). As a result, the as-prepared SnO₂/C nanocomposites showed a high reversible capacity of 1024.6 mA h g⁻¹ at 200 mA g⁻¹ even after 300 cycles as an anode material for LIBs. Moreover, the facile preparation of uniform SnO₂ nanocrystals by the IEHM would be helpful in promoting nanostructure engineering of other metal oxide materials.

中文翻译：

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原位制备均匀且超细的SnO ₂纳米晶体，将其固定在介孔碳网络中作为先进的阳极材料†

零维（0D）SnO ₂颗粒与具有空间受限结构的碳质材料之间产生协同效应已显示出在实现高级锂离子电池阳极（LIB）方面的巨大潜力，但充满挑战。在这里，我们报告了一种新颖的绿色方法，用于制备固定在连续介孔碳网络中的均匀SnO ₂纳米晶体。首次通过离子交换和水热法（IEHM）同时实现了SnO ₂纳米晶体的形成和原位碳包覆，随后的煅烧进一步使复合材料具有牢固的3D互连多孔结构。所得产品由SnO _2组成具有均一尺寸（2.2–3.8 nm）和连续中孔碳网络的纳米晶体，具有较大的表面积（257 m ² g ^-1）和高含量的SnO ₂（〜70 wt％）。结果，所制备的SnO ₂ / C纳米复合材料即使在作为LIBs的负极材料经过300次循环之后，在200 mA g ^-1下仍显示出1024.6 mA hg ^-1的高可逆容量。此外，通过IEHM轻松制备均匀的SnO ₂纳米晶体将有助于促进其他金属氧化物材料的纳米结构工程。