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Immunologic and endocrine functions of adipose tissue: implications for kidney disease
Nature Reviews Nephrology ( IF 41.5 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-04 , DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.157
Qingzhang Zhu , Philipp E. Scherer

Excess adiposity can induce adverse sequelae in multiple cell types and organ systems. The transition from the lean to the obese state is characterized by fundamental cellular changes at the level of the adipocyte. These changes affect the local microenvironment within the respective adipose tissue but can also affect nonadipose systems. Adipocytes within fat pads respond to chronic nutrient excess through hyperplasia or hypertrophy, which can differentially affect interorgan crosstalk between various adipose depots and other organs. This crosstalk is dependent on the unique ability of the adipocyte to coordinate metabolic adjustments throughout the body and to integrate responses to maintain metabolic homeostasis. These actions occur through the release of free fatty acids and metabolites during times of energy need — a process that is altered in the obese state. In addition, adipocytes release a wide array of signalling molecules, such as sphingolipids, as well as inflammatory and hormonal factors (adipokines) that are critical for interorgan crosstalk. The interactions of adipose tissue with the kidney — referred to as the adipo–renal axis — are important for normal kidney function as well as the response of the kidney to injury. Here, we discuss the mechanistic basis of this interorgan crosstalk, which clearly has great therapeutic potential given the increasing rates of chronic kidney disease secondary to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.



中文翻译:

脂肪组织的免疫学和内分泌功能:对肾脏疾病的影响

肥胖过多会在多种细胞类型和器官系统中引起不良后遗症。从瘦状态到肥胖状态的转变以脂肪细胞水平的基本细胞变化为特征。这些变化会影响相应脂肪组织内的局部微环境,但也会影响非脂肪系统。脂肪垫中的脂肪细胞通过增生或肥大对慢性营养过剩作出反应,这可以差异地影响各种脂肪库与其他器官之间的器官间串扰。这种串扰取决于脂肪细胞协调全身代谢调节并整合反应以维持代谢稳态的独特能力。这些作用是通过在需要能量时释放游离脂肪酸和代谢产物而发生的,这一过程在肥胖状态下会发生改变。另外,脂肪细胞释放多种信号分子,例如鞘脂,以及对器官间串扰至关重要的炎症和激素因子(促脂因子)。脂肪组织与肾脏的相互作用-被称为脂肪-肾轴-对于正常的肾功能以及肾脏对损伤的反应很重要。在这里,我们讨论这种器官间串扰的机制基础,鉴于肥胖和2型糖尿病继发的慢性肾脏病发病率上升,这种器官间串扰显然具有巨大的治疗潜力。以及对器官间串扰至关重要的炎症和激素因子(促脂因子)。脂肪组织与肾脏的相互作用-被称为脂肪-肾轴-对于正常的肾功能以及肾脏对损伤的反应很重要。在这里,我们讨论这种器官间串扰的机制基础,鉴于肥胖和2型糖尿病继发的慢性肾脏病发病率上升,这种器官间串扰显然具有巨大的治疗潜力。以及对器官间串扰至关重要的炎症和激素因子(促脂因子)。脂肪组织与肾脏的相互作用-被称为脂肪-肾轴-对于正常的肾功能以及肾脏对损伤的反应很重要。在这里,我们讨论这种器官间串扰的机制基础,鉴于肥胖和2型糖尿病继发的慢性肾脏病发病率上升,这种器官间串扰显然具有巨大的治疗潜力。

更新日期:2017-12-04
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