Background

Alternative protein sources are constantly explored to secure the future food and protein demand. Among these sources, biomasses originating from algae, seaweed or leaves receive lots of attention. However, when the yields and purities of protein extracted from these sources are compared to the corresponding data for protein crops such as soy, lupine and pulses, much lower yields are reported for alternative biomasses.

Scope and approach

In this overview paper, we analyse whether this difference is due to lack of scientific insight and technology or that more fundamental reasons are behind the variations in the extraction behaviour. For this purpose, we prepared a description of herbaceous and aquatic biomasses (denoted as green biomass/sources) and their protein extraction practices, final products, and common trends and challenges. The discussion continues with a general comparison to protein crops and the implications for future research.

Key findings and conclusions

Overviewing the state of the art, we tend to conclude that physiological and biochemical factors hinder efficient fractionation of green sources. Such factors include cell architecture and high interconnection between cell components; and biochemical differences, in particular the type of proteins present. These fundamental differences imply that green sources should be explored in a different manner, with higher emphasis on the interesting functional properties of enriched fractions and less on their purity. This approach is further encouraged by highlighting examples where the intricate structures found in green biomass can give rise to positive effects (e.g. health, food structure) when integrally applied in food products.

中文翻译：

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了解常规农作物的蛋白质分级分离以及草本和水生生物量的差异-工业用途的后果

背景

不断探索替代蛋白质来源，以确保未来的食物和蛋白质需求。在这些来源中，源自藻类，海藻或树叶的生物质受到了广泛关注。但是，将从这些来源提取的蛋白质的产量和纯度与大豆，羽扇豆和豆类等蛋白质作物的相应数据进行比较时，发现替代生物量的产量要低得多。

范围和方法

在此概述文件中，我们分析了这种差异是由于缺乏科学见识和技术所致，还是更根本的原因是萃取行为的差异所致。为此，我们准备了草本和水生生物量（表示为绿色生物量/来源）及其蛋白质提取方法，最终产品以及常见趋势和挑战的描述。讨论将继续对蛋白质作物进行一般比较，并对未来研究产生影响。

主要发现和结论

概述现有技术水平，我们倾向于得出生理和生化因素阻碍绿色源有效分馏的结论。这些因素包括单元架构和单元组件之间的高度互连。和生化差异，特别是存在的蛋白质类型。这些基本差异意味着应该以不同的方式探索绿色资源，重点是富集馏分的有趣功能特性，而较少关注其纯度。通过突出显示一些示例，进一步鼓励了这种方法，在这些示例中，绿色生物质中发现的复杂结构当整体应用于食品中时会产生积极的影响（例如，健康，食品结构）。