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Harnessing CRISPR/Cas systems for programmable transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation
Biotechnology Advances ( IF 16.0 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-29 , DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.11.008
Ahmed Mahas , C. Neal Stewart , Magdy M. Mahfouz

Genome editing has enabled broad advances and novel approaches in studies of gene function and structure; now, emerging methods aim to precisely engineer post-transcriptional processes. Developing precise, efficient molecular tools to alter the transcriptome holds great promise for biotechnology and synthetic biology applications. Different approaches have been employed for targeted degradation of RNA species in eukaryotes, but they lack programmability and versatility, thereby limiting their utility for diverse applications. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been harnessed for genome editing in many eukaryotic species and, using a catalytically inactive Cas9 variant, the CRISPR/dCas9 system has been repurposed for transcriptional regulation. Recent studies have used other CRISPR/Cas systems for targeted RNA degradation and RNA-based manipulations. For example, Cas13a, a Type VI-A endonuclease, has been identified as an RNA-guided RNA ribonuclease and used for manipulation of RNA. Here, we discuss different modalities for targeted RNA interference with an emphasis on the potential applications of CRISPR/Cas systems as programmable transcriptional regulators for broad uses, including functional biology, biotechnology, and synthetic biology applications.



中文翻译:

利用CRISPR / Cas系统进行可编程转录和转录后调控

基因组编辑在基因功能和结构的研究方面取得了广泛的进展和新颖的方法。现在,新兴的方法旨在精确地设计转录后过程。开发精确,高效的分子工具来改变转录组,对于生物技术和合成生物学应用具有广阔的前景。已经采用了不同的方法来靶向降解真核生物中的RNA,但是它们缺乏可编程性和多功能性,因此限制了它们在多种应用中的效用。CRISPR / Cas9系统已被利用来在许多真核生物物种中进行基因组编辑,并且由于使用了无催化作用的Cas9变体,CRISPR / dCas9系统已被重新用于转录调控。最近的研究已将其他CRISPR / Cas系统用于靶向RNA降解和基于RNA的操作。例如,Cas13a(一种VI-A型核酸内切酶)已被鉴定为RNA引导的RNA核糖核酸酶,可用于RNA操纵。在这里,我们讨论靶向RNA干扰的不同方式,重点介绍CRISPR / Cas系统作为可编程转录调节因子的广泛应用,包括功能生物学,生物技术和合成生物学应用,它们的潜在应用。

更新日期:2017-11-29
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