Biomedical electronic devices are interfaced with the human body to extract precise medical data and to interfere with tissue function by providing electrical stimuli. In this Review, we outline physiologically and pathologically relevant tissue properties and processes that are important for designing implantable electronic devices. We summarize design principles for flexible and stretchable electronics that adapt to the mechanics of soft tissues, such as those including conducting polymers, liquid metal alloys, metallic buckling and meandering architectures. We further discuss technologies for inserting devices into the body in a minimally invasive manner and for eliminating them without further intervention. Finally, we introduce the concept of integrating electronic devices with biomaterials and cells, and we envision how such technologies may lead to the development of bionic organs for regenerative medicine.

生物医学电子设备与人体连接以提取精确的医学数据，并通过提供电刺激来干扰组织功能。在这篇综述中，我们概述了与生理和病理相关的组织特性和过程，这些特性和过程对于设计可植入电子设备非常重要。我们总结了适用于软组织力学的柔性和可拉伸电子产品的设计原理，例如包括导电聚合物，液态金属合金，金属屈曲和曲折结构的那些。我们进一步讨论了以微创方式将设备插入体内并无需进一步干预即可消除设备的技术。最后，我们介绍了将电子设备与生物材料和细胞集成在一起的概念，