Abstract Three-dimensional growth morphologies of equiaxed dendrites growing under forced convection, with their preferred growth direction inclined from the flow direction, were investigated by performing large-scale phase-field lattice Boltzmann simulations on a graphical-processing-unit supercomputer. The tip velocities of the dendrite arms with their preferred growth directions inclined toward the upstream and downstream directions increased and decreased, respectively, as a result of forced convection. In addition, the tip velocities decreased monotonically as the angle between the preferred growth direction and the upstream direction increased. Here, the degree of acceleration of the upstream tips was larger than the degree of deceleration of the downstream tips. The angles between the actual tip growth directions and the preferred growth direction of the dendrite arms exhibited a characteristic change with two local maxima and two local minima.

中文翻译：

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强制对流下倾斜等轴枝晶三维形貌的相场-晶格玻尔兹曼法

摘要 通过在图形处理单元超级计算机上进行大规模相场晶格玻尔兹曼模拟，研究了强制对流下生长的等轴枝晶的三维生长形态，其首选生长方向与流动方向倾斜。作为强制对流的结果，枝晶臂的尖端速度及其优选的生长方向向上游和下游方向倾斜，分别增加和减少。此外，随着优选生长方向和上游方向之间的角度增加，尖端速度单调降低。这里，上游尖端的加速程度大于下游尖端的减速程度。