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Arsenic leaching from ceramic water filters
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-22 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7ew00176b
Michael V. Schaefer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Andrew Shantz 6, 7, 8 , Scott Fendorf 4, 5, 9, 10 , Samantha C. Ying 1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

Ceramic water filters (CWFs) provide a low-cost and effective means of pathogen removal for drinking water and are an attractive water treatment option because they can usually be manufactured without the need for imported materials. However, variation in the chemical composition of materials used for CWF production, especially in source clay, provides a potential hazard to CWF users through leaching of arsenic into filtered water. We determined the chemical composition of source clay material, and then evaluated the extent of arsenic leaching from CWFs manufactured in Kandal Province, Cambodia. Arsenic leaching from CWFs is rapid and non-linear, resulting in initial filtrate arsenic concentrations more than 100 times the World Health Organization recommended limit for safe drinking water (10 μg L−1). Under typical operating conditions in Cambodia, we determined that each CWF will leach approximately 43.5 mg of As, but that 80% of the As is released in the first 100 L of water. Arsenic desorption tests performed on source clay indicated that the ceramic firing process drastically increases the leachability of arsenic compared to unfired clay in the region. Testing of fired CWF material, not only source materials, is essential to predict arsenic leaching. Competitive desorption did not increase the release of arsenic from fired CWF materials as phosphate-dosed water in contact with CWF material showed no significant effect on arsenic release. We conclude that CWF arsenic leaching poses a potential exposure to end-users but because leaching occurs rapidly, design of controlled leaching systems prior to product distribution can mitigate arsenic exposure.

中文翻译:

陶瓷滤水器中的砷浸出

陶瓷滤水器(CWF)提供了一种低成本,有效的饮用水中病原体去除方法,是一种有吸引力的水处理选择,因为它们通常可以在不需要进口材料的情况下进行制造。但是,用于CWF生产的材料,特别是原料粘土中化学成分的变化,通过将砷浸入过滤水中,给CWF用户带来了潜在的危害。我们确定了原料黏土材料的化学成分,然后评估了从柬埔寨坎达尔省制造的CWF中砷浸出的程度。从CWFs砷的浸出是快速和非线性,导致在初始滤液的砷浓度的100倍以上的世界卫生组织建议的限制安全饮用水(10微克大号-1)。在柬埔寨的典型运行条件下,我们确定每个CWF会浸出约43.5 mg的As,但是在最初的100 L水中释放了80%的As。对源粘土进行的砷脱附测试表明,与该地区的未煅烧粘土相比,陶瓷煅烧过程大大提高了砷的浸出能力。测试焙烧的CWF材料(不仅是原材料)对于预测砷的浸出是必不可少的。竞争性解吸并没有增加煅烧CWF材料中砷的释放量,因为与CWF材料接触的磷酸盐给水对砷的释放没有显着影响。我们得出的结论是,CWF砷浸出对最终用户构成了潜在的暴露,但是由于浸出发生得很快,
更新日期:2017-11-22
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