Overexposure to fluoride ions (F⁻) causes serious diseases in human beings. Extensive efforts have been made to develop sensitive and selective approaches for F⁻ detection and a variety of F⁻ sensors have been constructed recently. The burgeoning nanotechnology has provided novel materials for F⁻ analysis due to the extraordinary properties of nanomaterials. In this review, we present the recent advances in different nanomaterials-based approaches for the optical F⁻ detection via colorimetric, fluorescent and chemiluminescent responses. The materials include gold nanomaterials, CeO₂ nanoparticles, semiconductor quantum dots, carbon quantum dots, metal–organic frameworks, upconversion nanoparticles, micellar nanoparticles, polymer dots, SiO₂ nanoparticles and graphene oxide. The recent trends and challenges in the optical detection of F⁻ with various nanomaterials are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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用于氟化物光学检测的纳米材料

过度暴露于氟离子（F ^- ）会导致人类严重的疾病。已作出大量努力来开发适用于F灵敏度和选择性的方法^-检测和各种的F ^-传感器已经刚刚建成的。新兴的纳米技术提供了与F新型材料^-由于纳米材料的非凡特性分析。在这次审查中，我们提出在光学˚F不同基纳米材料的办法的最新进展^-检测通过比色，荧光和化学发光响应。这些材料包括金纳米材料，CeO ₂纳米颗粒，半导体量子点，碳量子点，金属有机框架，上转换纳米颗粒，胶束纳米颗粒，聚合物点，SiO ₂纳米颗粒和氧化石墨烯。最近的趋势和挑战的F的光学检测^-各种纳米材料进行了讨论。