Comprehensive studies were carried out to understand the origin of the current hysteresis effects in highly efficient C₆₀-CH₃NH₃PbI₃(MAPbI₃) heterojunction solar cells, using atomic-force microscopy, transmittance spectra, photoluminescence spectra, X-ray diffraction patterns and a femtosecond time-resolved pump–probe technique. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of C₆₀-MAPbI₃ solar cells can be increased to 18.23% by eliminating the point (lattice) defects in the MAPbI₃ thin film which is fabricated by using the one-step spin-coating method with toluene washing treatment. The experimental results show that the point defects and surface defects of the MAPbI₃ thin films can be minimized by varying the dropping time of the washing solvent. The point defects (surface defects) can be reduced with an (a) increase (decrease) in the dropping time, resulting in an optimized dropping time for obtaining the defect-minimized MAPbI₃ thin film deposited on top of the C₆₀ thin film. Consequently, the formation of the defect-minimized MAPbI₃ thin film allows for high-efficiency MAPbI₃ solar cells.

中文翻译：

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消除常规C ₆₀ -CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃异质结太阳能电池中的电流滞后效应

全面的研究进行了了解在高效C中的电流滞后效应的原点₆₀ -CH ₃ NH ₃碘化铅₃（MAPbI ₃）异质结太阳能电池，使用原子力显微镜，透射光谱，光致发光光谱，X射线衍射模式和飞秒时间分辨泵浦探测技术。通过消除MAPbI _3中的点（晶格）缺陷，可以将C ₆₀ -MAPbI ₃太阳能电池的功率转换效率（PCE）提高到18.23％通过使用一步旋涂法和甲苯洗涤处理制成的薄膜。实验结果表明，通过改变洗涤溶剂的滴落时间，可以使MAPbI ₃薄膜的点缺陷和表面缺陷最小化。点缺陷（表面缺陷）可以通过滴落时间的（a）增加（减少）而减少，从而导致最佳的滴落时间，以获得用于沉积在C ₆₀薄膜顶部的缺陷最小化的MAPbI ₃薄膜。因此，缺陷最小化的MAPbI ₃薄膜的形成允许高效的MAPbI ₃太阳能电池。