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Discovery of noncanonical translation initiation sites through mass spectrometric analysis of protein N termini
Genome Research ( IF 7 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-01 , DOI: 10.1101/gr.226050.117
Chan Hyun Na , Mustafa A. Barbhuiya , Min-Sik Kim , Steven Verbruggen , Stephen M. Eacker , Olga Pletnikova , Juan C. Troncoso , Marc K. Halushka , Gerben Menschaert , Christopher M. Overall , Akhilesh Pandey

Translation initiation generally occurs at AUG codons in eukaryotes, although it has been shown that non-AUG or noncanonical translation initiation can also occur. However, the evidence for noncanonical translation initiation sites (TISs) is largely indirect and based on ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) studies. Here, using a strategy specifically designed to enrich N termini of proteins, we demonstrate that many human proteins are translated at noncanonical TISs. The large majority of TISs that mapped to 5′ untranslated regions were noncanonical and led to N-terminal extension of annotated proteins or translation of upstream small open reading frames (uORF). It has been controversial whether the amino acid corresponding to the start codon is incorporated at the TIS or methionine is still incorporated. We found that methionine was incorporated at almost all noncanonical TISs identified in this study. Comparison of the TISs determined through mass spectrometry with ribosome profiling data revealed that about two-thirds of the novel annotations were indeed supported by the available ribosome profiling data. Sequence conservation across species and a higher abundance of noncanonical TISs than canonical ones in some cases suggests that the noncanonical TISs can have biological functions. Overall, this study provides evidence of protein translation initiation at noncanonical TISs and argues that further studies are required for elucidation of functional implications of such noncanonical translation initiation.



中文翻译:

通过蛋白质N末端的质谱分析发现非规范翻译起始位点

翻译起始通常发生在真核生物的AUG密码子上,尽管已经证明非AUG或非经典翻译起始也可以发生。但是,非经典翻译起始位点(TIS)的证据大部分是间接的,并基于核糖体谱分析(Ribo-seq)研究。在这里,使用专门设计的用于富集蛋白质N末端的策略,我们证明了许多人蛋白质在非规范TIS处翻译。映射到5'非翻译区的大多数TIS是非规范的,并导致带注释的蛋白质的N端延伸或上游小开放阅读框(uORF)的翻译。在TIS上掺入与起始密码子相对应的氨基酸还是在蛋氨酸中仍掺入是有争议的。我们发现,在这项研究中确定的几乎所有非规范性TIS中都掺入了蛋氨酸。通过质谱法测定的TIS与核糖体图谱数据的比较表明,可用的核糖体图谱数据确实支持了大约三分之二的新注释。在某些情况下,跨物种的序列保守性和非规范TIS的丰富度高于规范TIS,这表明非规范TIS可以具有生物学功能。总体而言,这项研究提供了在非规范TIS处蛋白质翻译启动的证据,并认为需要进一步的研究来阐明此类非规范翻译启动的功能含义。通过质谱法测定的TIS与核糖体图谱数据的比较表明,可用的核糖体图谱数据确实支持了大约三分之二的新注释。在某些情况下,跨物种的序列保守性和非规范TIS的丰富度高于规范TIS,这表明非规范TIS可以具有生物学功能。总体而言,这项研究提供了在非规范TIS处蛋白质翻译启动的证据,并认为需要进一步的研究来阐明此类非规范翻译启动的功能含义。通过质谱法测定的TIS与核糖体图谱数据的比较表明,可用的核糖体图谱数据确实支持了大约三分之二的新注释。在某些情况下,跨物种的序列保守性和非规范TIS的丰富度高于规范TIS,这表明非规范TIS可以具有生物学功能。总体而言,这项研究提供了在非规范TIS处蛋白质翻译启动的证据,并认为需要进一步的研究来阐明此类非规范翻译启动的功能含义。在某些情况下,跨物种的序列保守性和非规范TIS的丰富度高于规范TIS,这表明非规范TIS可以具有生物学功能。总体而言,这项研究提供了在非规范TIS处蛋白质翻译启动的证据,并认为需要进一步的研究来阐明此类非规范翻译启动的功能含义。在某些情况下,跨物种的序列保守性和非规范TIS的丰富度高于规范TIS,这表明非规范TIS可以具有生物学功能。总体而言,这项研究提供了在非规范TIS处蛋白质翻译启动的证据,并认为需要进一步的研究来阐明此类非规范翻译启动的功能含义。

更新日期:2018-01-02
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