Bone char (BC) was successfully used, for the first time, both as a self-template/a pore-former and a precursor of heteroatoms (N and S atoms) during carbonization of sucrose, allowing for the synthesis of nanoporous N- and S-co-doped carbon (NSC) material possessing high surface area and excellent electrocatalytic activity. BC’s ability to help with the formation of nanopores in the carbon material was indirectly confirmed by making a control material, denoted as pyrolyzed sucrose or PS, under the same condition but without including BC in the reaction media. N₂ gas porosimetry showed that NSC had a very large BET surface area (1108 m² g⁻¹), which is about 60% higher than that of PS (443 m² g⁻¹). Comparison of the SEM images of the two materials also indicated some differences in their textural and morphological features. XPS analysis showed that NSC had a higher content of S (2.29%) than PS (0.21%) and that the S atoms were distributed mostly in the form of thiophenic moieties (32.3% for the PS and 59.2% for the NSC). Although some of the S groups were originated from sulfuric acid, which was used for the dehydration of sucrose during the synthesis of the materials, this result indicated that BC was the major source of the S dopant atoms in NSC as well as the major reason for the formation of thiophenic groups in this material. Furthermore, while PS’s structure did not have N dopants, NSC’s lattice had about 1.39% of N dopant atoms that existed in the form of pyridinic, pyrrolic and graphitic groups and that were also originated from BC. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy revealed that NSC’s lattice had a higher density of defects than PS. Owing to its high surface area and optimal density of heteroatom dopant groups and defect sites, NSC exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), or the lowest overpotential ever reported for this reaction, along with a high current density. Besides making it among the most efficient electrocatalysts for HzOR, its electrocatalytic performance can make this metal-free material a good alternative to the conventional metal-based electrocatalysts that are commonly used in HzOR-based fuel cells.

骨炭（BC）首次成功地用作蔗糖碳化过程中的自模板/成孔剂和杂原子（N和S原子）的前体，从而可以合成纳米多孔N-和S掺杂碳（NSC）材料具有高表面积和出色的电催化活性。通过在相同条件下但不将BC包括在反应介质中的情况下，制成对照材料（称为热解蔗糖或PS），间接证实了BC有助于在碳材料中形成纳米孔的能力。N ₂气孔法显示NSC的BET表面积非常大（1108 m ²  g ^-1），比PS（443 m ²  g ^-1）高约60％）。两种材料的SEM图像的比较也表明它们的组织和形态特征有所不同。XPS分析表明，NSC的S含量（2.29％）比PS的含量高（0.21％），并且S原子主要以噻吩部分的形式分布（PS含量为32.3％，NSC含量为59.2％）。尽管一些S基团起源于硫酸，该硫酸在材料合成过程中用于蔗糖的脱水，但该结果表明BC是NSC中S掺杂原子的主要来源，也是产生N的主要原因。在该物质中形成噻吩基。此外，虽然PS的结构没有N掺杂物，但NSC的晶格中约有1.39％的N掺杂物原子以吡啶鎓形式存在，吡咯基和石墨基，也起源于卑诗省。X射线衍射和拉曼光谱表明，NSC的晶格具有比PS更高的缺陷密度。由于其高表面积和杂原子掺杂基团和缺陷位点的最佳密度，NSC对肼氧化反应（HzOR）表现出优异的电催化活性，或者该反应所报道的最低超电势以及高电流密度。除了使其成为HzOR的最高效电催化剂之外，它的电催化性能还可以使这种不含金属的材料成为HzOR型燃料电池中常用的常规金属基电催化剂的良好替代品。由于其高表面积和杂原子掺杂基团和缺陷位点的最佳密度，NSC对肼氧化反应（HzOR）表现出优异的电催化活性，或者该反应所报道的最低超电势，同时具有高电流密度。除了使其成为HzOR的最高效电催化剂之外，它的电催化性能还可以使这种不含金属的材料成为HzOR型燃料电池中常用的常规金属基电催化剂的良好替代品。由于其高表面积和杂原子掺杂基团和缺陷位点的最佳密度，NSC对肼氧化反应（HzOR）表现出优异的电催化活性，或者该反应所报道的最低超电势以及高电流密度。除了使其成为HzOR的最高效电催化剂之外，它的电催化性能还可以使这种不含金属的材料成为HzOR型燃料电池中常用的常规金属基电催化剂的良好替代品。