Melt diffusion followed by vapor deposition is judiciously combined with atomic layer deposition (ALD) to construct Al₂O₃–coated (Se/porous N-doped carbon nanofibers)@Se composite (denoted [email protected]₂O₃) materials for sodium-selenium (Na-Se) batteries. High mass loading, ultrastable and free-standing carbon-selenium cathode is conveniently achieved by tailoring both the Se content and the thickness of deposited Al₂O₃ layer. Importantly, in contrast to only 176 mAh g⁻¹ of the electrode without Al₂O₃ deposition after 660 cycles, the composite with a Se content of 67 wt% and a 3-nm Al₂O₃ thickness retains a reversible capacity of 503 mAh g⁻¹ after 1000 cycles with no capacity fading at 0.5 A g⁻¹. These findings clearly suggest that ALD strategy provides a viable, controllable and effective means of tuning the electrode performance towards high mass loading of active materials and long cycle life of the resulting battery for energy storage applications.

明智地将熔体扩散和随后的气相沉积与原子层沉积（ALD）结合起来，以构造用于钠盐的Al ₂ O ₃涂层（Se /多孔N掺杂碳纳米纤维）@Se复合材料（表示为[email protected] ₂ O ₃） -硒（Na-Se）电池。通过调整硒含量和沉积的Al ₂ O ₃层的厚度，可以方便地实现高质量负载，超稳定和独立的碳-硒阴极。重要的是，与660次循环后仅176 mAh g ^-1的无Al ₂ O ₃沉积的电极相比，Se含量为67 wt％的复合材料和3 nm Al ₂的电极在1000次循环后，O ₃厚度可保持503 mAh g ^-1的可逆容量，而在0.5 A g ^-1时容量不变。这些发现清楚地表明，ALD策略提供了一种可行的，可控制的和有效的手段，以将电极性能调整为朝着活性材料的高质量负载以及所得到的用于能量存储应用的电池的长循环寿命。