Despite tremendous recent efforts, noninvasive sweat monitoring is still far from delivering its early analytical promise. Here, we describe a flexible epidermal microfluidic detection platform fabricated through hybridization of lithographic and screen-printed technologies, for efficient and fast sweat sampling and continuous, real-time electrochemical monitoring of glucose and lactate levels. This soft, skin-mounted device judiciously merges lab-on-a-chip and electrochemical detection technologies, integrated with a miniaturized flexible electronic board for real-time wireless data transmission to a mobile device. Modeling of the device design and sweat flow conditions allowed optimization of the sampling process and the microchannel layout for achieving attractive fluid dynamics and rapid filling of the detection reservoir (within 8 min from starting exercise). The wearable microdevice thus enabled efficient natural sweat pumping to the electrochemical detection chamber containing the enzyme-modified electrode transducers. The fabricated device can be easily mounted on the epidermis without hindrance to the wearer and displays resiliency against continuous mechanical deformation expected from such epidermal wear. Amperometric biosensing of lactate and glucose from the rapidly generated sweat, using the corresponding immobilized oxidase enzymes, was wirelessly monitored during cycling activity of different healthy subjects. This ability to monitor sweat glucose levels introduces new possibilities for effective diabetes management, while similar lactate monitoring paves the way for new wearable fitness applications. The new epidermal microfluidic electrochemical detection strategy represents an attractive alternative to recently reported colorimetric sweat-monitoring methods, and hence holds considerable promise for practical fitness or health monitoring applications.

中文翻译：

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表皮微流电化学检测系统：增强的汗液采样和代谢物检测

尽管最近做出了巨大努力，但无创汗液监测仍远未达到其早期分析的希望。在这里，我们描述了通过平版印刷和丝网印刷技术的混合制造的灵活的表皮微流体检测平台，用于高效，快速的汗液采样以及对葡萄糖和乳酸水平的连续，实时电化学监测。这款柔软的皮肤安装设备明智地融合了芯片实验室和电化学检测技术，并与小型柔性电子板集成在一起，可将无线数据实时传输到移动设备。对设备设计和汗水流动条件进行建模可以优化采样过程和微通道布局，以实现诱人的流体动力学和快速填充检测储液罐（从开始运动到8分钟内）。因此，可穿戴式微型设备能够有效地将自然汗液泵送到包含酶修饰电极换能器的电化学检测腔中。所制造的装置可以容易地安装在表皮上，而不会妨碍佩戴者，并且显示出抵抗这种表皮磨损所期望的连续机械变形的弹性。在不同健康受试者的自行车活动过程中，使用相应的固定化氧化酶对来自迅速产生的汗液中的乳酸和葡萄糖的安培生物传感进行了无线监测。这种监测汗液葡萄糖水平的能力为有效控制糖尿病提供了新的可能性，而类似的乳酸监测为新型可穿戴健身应用铺平了道路。新的表皮微流体电化学检测策略代表了最近报道的比色汗液监测方法的一种有吸引力的替代方法，因此在实际健身或健康监测应用中具有可观的前景。