Nanoscale drug delivery systems or nanocarriers have shown tremendous promise in the target-specific delivery of therapeutics as well as diagnostic agents. Additional properties can be introduced into nanocarriers to enhance the bioavailability and targeting efficiency of the transported drugs at diseased sites. Such nanocarriers are usually incorporated with stimuli-responsive components that can be triggered by specific stimuli (e.g., temperature, pH, or enzymes) and further induced by certain biological responses, such as enzyme hydrolysis and molecular conformational changes, leading to the controlled release of the transported molecules at targeted sites. In this review, we discuss various stimuli-responsive nanoscale delivery systems and summarize the current perspectives as well as challenges facing the successful translation of these innovative stimuli-responsive nanocarriers from the bench to the bedside.

纳米级药物递送系统或纳米载体在治疗剂和诊断剂的靶标特异性递送中显示出巨大的希望。可以将其他特性引入纳米载体中，以提高在患病部位转运的药物的生物利用度和靶向效率。此类纳米载体通常掺入刺激反应成分，这些成分可由特定刺激（例如温度，pH或酶）触发，并由某些生物反应（如酶水解和分子构象变化）进一步诱导，导致受控释放在目标位置运输分子。在这篇评论中，