Soil remediation mitigates hazards from contaminants but could deprive soils of initial biota and enzymes. Historically contaminated acidic soil from Arnoldstein (Austria) and calcareous soil from Meza (Slovenia) were washed with 30 and 100 mmol kg⁻¹ ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) to remove 78 and 60% of Pb as a main pollutant. Remediation of the Arnoldstein soil decreased urease activity and increased β-glucosidase activity, measured in a 15-week experiment. The dehydrogenase activity and microbial gene abundances were not significantly impeded compared to the original soil. Conversely, the use of a high dose of EDTA in the Meza soil, necessary for effective remediation of calcareous soils, resulted in pronouncedly decreased enzyme activities (3.2 times on average) and repressed fungal ITS and increased bacterial 16S rRNA gene abundance. Remediation shifted the microbial community composition in both soils. For revitalisation, the remediated soils were amended with compost, inocula of un-contaminated soil and (Arnoldstein soil) biochar enriched with soil extract. Amendments inconsistently affected the Arnoldstein soil: compost increased the dehydrogenase activity and altered the microbial community composition, biochar enhanced the β-glucosidase activity, and all amendments decreased the microbial abundance (1.6 times on average). In contrast, amendments efficiently revitalised the remediated Meza soil; compost and soil inoculum returned the enzyme activities back to the baseline in the original soil, increased the fungal abundance above that in the original soil and restored the microbial community composition.

土壤修复可以减轻污染物带来的危害，但可以剥夺土壤中的初始生物群和酶。分别用30和100 mmol kg ^-1洗涤历史上受污染的Arnoldstein（奥地利）的酸性土壤和Meza（斯洛文尼亚）的钙质土壤乙二胺四乙酸盐（EDTA）去除78％和60％的Pb作为主要污染物。在15周的实验中，对Arnoldstein土壤的修复降低了脲酶的活性，并增加了β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性。与原始土壤相比，脱氢酶活性和微生物基因丰度没有受到显着影响。相反，在梅萨土壤中使用大剂量的EDTA，对石灰性土壤进行有效修复是必不可少的，导致酶活性显着下降（平均为3.2倍），并抑制了真菌ITS，并增加了细菌16S rRNA基因的丰度。修复改变了两种土壤中的微生物群落组成。为了恢复活力，用堆肥，未污染土壤的接种物和富含土壤提取物的生物炭（阿诺德施泰因土壤）接种修复的土壤。修订不一致地影响了Arnoldstein土壤：堆肥增加了脱氢酶的活性并改变了微生物群落组成，生物炭增强了β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性，所有修订降低了微生物的丰度（平均1.6倍）。相比之下，修正案有效地恢复了修复后的梅萨土壤；堆肥和土壤接​​种物使原始土壤中的酶活性恢复到基线，使真菌的丰度高于原始土壤中的真菌，并恢复了微生物群落组成。修正案有效地恢复了修复后的梅萨土壤；堆肥和土壤接​​种物使原始土壤中的酶活性恢复到基线，使真菌的丰度高于原始土壤中的真菌，并恢复了微生物群落组成。修正案有效地恢复了修复后的梅萨土壤；堆肥和土壤接​​种物使原始土壤中的酶活性恢复到基线，使真菌的丰度高于原始土壤中的真菌，并恢复了微生物群落组成。