The construction of multilength scaled hierarchical nanostructures from diverse natural components is critical in the progress toward all-natural nanocomposites with structural robustness and versatile added functionalities. Here, we report a spontaneous formation of peculiar “shish kebab” nanostructures with the periodic arrangement of silk fibroin domains along straight segments of cellulose nanofibers. We suggest that the formation of these shish kebab nanostructures is facilitated by the preferential organization of heterogeneous (β-sheets and amorphous silk) domains along the cellulose nanofiber driven by modulated axial distribution of crystalline planes, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions as suggested by all-atom molecular dynamic simulations. Such shish kebab nanostructures enable the ultrathin membrane to possess open, transparent, mechanically robust interlocked networks with high mechanical performance with up to 30 GPa in stiffness and 260 MPa in strength. These nanoporous robust membranes allow for the extremely high water flux, up to 3.5 × 10⁴ L h^–1 m^–2 bar^–1 combined with high rejection rate for various organic molecules, capability of capturing heavy metal ions and their further reduction into metal nanoparticles for added SERS detection capability and catalytic functionalities.

中文翻译：

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丝素蛋白在纤维素纳米纤维上的模板引导组装，用于具有超快水传输能力的坚固纳米结构

由多种天然组分构成的多长度尺度的分层纳米结构，对于向具有结构坚固性和多功能附加功能的全天然纳米复合材料的发展至关重要。在这里，我们报道了独特的“烤肉串”纳米结构的自发形成，其中丝素蛋白结构域沿着纤维素纳米纤维的直段周期性排列。我们建议通过沿晶体结构的轴向轴向分布，氢键和疏水相互作用调节的纤维素纳米纤维的异质（β-片和无定形丝）域的优先组织来促进这些烤肉串纳米结构的形成，这是所有学者所建议的原子分子动力学模拟。这种烤肉串纳米结构使超薄膜具有开放性，透明，机械坚固的互锁网络，具有很高的机械性能，其刚度高达30 GPa，强度高达260 MPa。这些纳米多孔坚固的膜可提供极高的水通量，最高可达3.5×10⁴ L h ^–1 m ^–2 bar ^–1结合各种有机分子的高排斥率，捕获重金属离子的能力以及将其进一步还原成金属纳米颗粒的能力，从而增强了SERS检测能力和催化功能。