There is a pressing need to develop nanoplatforms that integrate multimodal therapeutics to improve treatment responses and prolong the survival of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mesoporous silica-coated gold nanomaterials have emerged as a novel multifunctional platform combining tunable surface plasmon resonance and mesoporous properties that exhibit multimodality properties in cancer theranostics. However, their reduced radiation-absorption efficiency and limited surface area hinder their further radiochemotherapeutic applications. To address these issues, we designed Janus-structured gold-mesoporous silica nanoparticles using a modified sol–gel method. This multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform was subsequently modified via the conjugation of folic acid for enhanced HCC targeting and internalization. The loaded anticancer agent doxorubicin can be released from the mesopores in a pH-responsive manner, facilitating selective and safe chemotherapy. Additionally, the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy induced synergistic anticancer effects in vitro and exhibited remarkable inhibition of tumor growth in vivo along with significantly reduced systematic toxicity. Additionally, the Janus NPs acted as targeted computed tomography (CT)-imaging agents for HCC diagnosis. Given their better performance in chemoradiotherapy and CT imaging as compared with that of their core–shell counterparts, this new nanoplatform designed with dual functionalities provides a promising strategy for unresectable HCC theranostics.

中文翻译：

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Janus金纳米平台用于肝细胞癌的协同化学放疗和计算机断层扫描成像

迫切需要开发整合多模式疗法以改善治疗反应并延长无法切除的肝细胞癌（HCC）患者生存期的纳米平台。介孔二氧化硅包覆的金纳米材料已经成为一种新型的多功能平台，结合了可调表面等离子体共振和介孔特性，在癌症治疗中表现出多峰性。然而，它们降低的辐射吸收效率和有限的表面积阻碍了它们进一步的放射化学治疗应用。为了解决这些问题，我们使用改良的溶胶-凝胶法设计了Janus结构的金介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒。随后通过叶酸的缀合可增强HCC的靶向性和内在化。负载的抗癌药阿霉素可以以pH响应的方式从中孔释放，从而促进选择性和安全的化学治疗。另外，化学疗法和放射疗法的组合在体外诱导协同的抗癌作用，并在体内表现出显着的肿瘤生长抑制作用以及显着降低的系统毒性。此外，Janus NP还可作为HCC诊断的靶向计算机断层扫描（CT）成像剂。鉴于其在放化疗和CT成像方面的性能优于其核壳疗法，这种具有双重功能的新型纳米平台为不可切除的HCC治疗学提供了一种有前途的策略。