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A Mechanism for Symmetry Breaking and Shape Control in Single-Crystal Gold Nanorods
Accounts of Chemical Research ( IF 18.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-16 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00313 Michael J. Walsh , Wenming Tong , Hadas Katz-Boon , Paul Mulvaney 1 , Joanne Etheridge , Alison M. Funston
Accounts of Chemical Research ( IF 18.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-16 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00313 Michael J. Walsh , Wenming Tong , Hadas Katz-Boon , Paul Mulvaney 1 , Joanne Etheridge , Alison M. Funston
Affiliation
The phenomenon of symmetry breaking—in which the order of symmetry of a system is reduced despite manifest higher-order symmetry in the underlying fundamental laws—is pervasive throughout science and nature, playing a critical role in fields ranging from particle physics and quantum theory to cosmology and general relativity. For the growth of crystals, symmetry breaking is the crucial step required to generate a macroscopic shape that has fewer symmetry elements than the unit cell and/or seed crystal from which it grew. Advances in colloid synthesis have enabled a wide variety of nanocrystal morphologies to be achieved, albeit empirically. Of the various nanoparticle morphologies synthesized, gold nanorods have perhaps been the most intensely studied, thanks largely to their unique morphology-dependent optical properties and exciting application potential. However, despite intense research efforts, an understanding of the mechanism by which a single crystal breaks symmetry and grows anisotropically has remained elusive, with many reports presenting seemingly conflicting data and theories. A fundamental understanding of the symmetry breaking process is needed to provide a rational framework upon which future synthetic approaches can be built.
中文翻译:
单晶金纳米棒的对称破坏和形状控制机制
对称性破坏现象(尽管在基本法则中表现出高阶对称性,但系统的对称性却降低了)在科学和自然界普遍存在,在从粒子物理学到量子理论到量子力学的各个领域都发挥着至关重要的作用。宇宙论和广义相对论。对于晶体的生长,对称破坏是生成宏观形状所需的关键步骤,该宏观形状具有比生长晶体的晶胞和/或晶种更少的对称元素。胶体合成方面的进展已经实现了各种各样的纳米晶体形态,尽管是凭经验。在合成的各种纳米颗粒形态中,金纳米棒可能是研究最深入的,很大程度上要归功于其独特的依赖于形态的光学特性和令人兴奋的应用潜力。然而,尽管进行了大量的研究,对单晶打破对称性并各向异性生长的机理的理解仍然难以捉摸,许多报告似乎提出了相互矛盾的数据和理论。需要对对称性破坏过程有一个基本的了解,以提供一个可以在其上构建未来综合方法的合理框架。
更新日期:2017-11-16
中文翻译:
单晶金纳米棒的对称破坏和形状控制机制
对称性破坏现象(尽管在基本法则中表现出高阶对称性,但系统的对称性却降低了)在科学和自然界普遍存在,在从粒子物理学到量子理论到量子力学的各个领域都发挥着至关重要的作用。宇宙论和广义相对论。对于晶体的生长,对称破坏是生成宏观形状所需的关键步骤,该宏观形状具有比生长晶体的晶胞和/或晶种更少的对称元素。胶体合成方面的进展已经实现了各种各样的纳米晶体形态,尽管是凭经验。在合成的各种纳米颗粒形态中,金纳米棒可能是研究最深入的,很大程度上要归功于其独特的依赖于形态的光学特性和令人兴奋的应用潜力。然而,尽管进行了大量的研究,对单晶打破对称性并各向异性生长的机理的理解仍然难以捉摸,许多报告似乎提出了相互矛盾的数据和理论。需要对对称性破坏过程有一个基本的了解,以提供一个可以在其上构建未来综合方法的合理框架。