To investigate the toxic effect and mechanism of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in aquatic plants, in vivo and in vitro exposure to BDE-47 were conducted. After 14-d exposure to 5–20 μg/L BDE-47, the growth of Lemna minor plants was significantly suppressed, and the chlorophyll and soluble protein contents in fronds markedly decreased. Accordingly, the photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm, PI) decreased. When the thylakoid membranes isolated from healthy fronds was exposed to 5–20 mg/L BDE-47 directly in vitro for 1 h, the photosynthetic efficiency also decreased significantly. In both the in vitro (5–20 μg/L) and in vivo (5–20 mg/L) experiments, BDE-47 led to an increased plasma membrane permeability. Hence, we concluded that BDE-47 had a direct toxicity to photosynthetic membranes and plasma membranes. However, direct effects on the activities of peroxidase (POD), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and nitroreductase (NR) were not observed by adding 5–20 mg/L BDE-47 into crude enzyme extracts. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide anion radical (O₂⁻) contents in the BDE-47 treated fronds were higher than those in the control fronds, suggesting that L. minor can not effectively relieve reactive oxygen species (ROS). The data above indicates that BDE-47 is toxic to L. minor through acting directly on biomembranes, which induces the production of ROS and thus causes remarkable oxidative damage to cells.

为了研究2,2'，4,4'-四溴二苯醚（BDE-47）在水生植物中的毒性作用和机理，对BDE-47进行了体内和体外暴露。在暴露于5–20μg/ L BDE-47的14天后，Lemna小植物的生长被显着抑制，叶中的叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量显着下降。因此，光合效率（Fv / Fm，PI）降低。当从健康叶片分离的类囊体膜直接在体外暴露于5–20 mg / L BDE-47 1小时时，光合效率也显着下降。在体外（5–20μg/ L）和体内（5–20 mg / L）实验中，BDE-47导致质膜通透性增加。因此，我们得出结论，BDE-47对光合膜和质膜具有直接毒性。但是，在粗酶提取物中添加5–20 mg / L BDE-47并没有观察到对过氧化物酶（POD），苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）和硝基还原酶（NR）活性的直接影响。丙二醛（MDA）和超氧阴离子自由基（O ₂ ^-在BDE-47处理过的叶状体）含量显着高于对照叶状体更高，这表明大号。微量不能有效缓解活性氧（ROS）。上面的数据表明BDE-47对L有毒。通过直接作用于生物膜而产生轻微的氧化，这会诱导ROS的产生，从而对细胞造成明显的氧化损伤。