Because of their bioactive properties and chemical similarity to the inorganic component of bone, calcium phosphate (CaP) materials are widely used for bone regeneration. Six commercially available CaP bone substitutes (Bio-Oss, Actifuse, Bi-Ostetic, MBCP, Vitoss and chronOs) as well as two tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics with either a micron-scale (TCP-B) or submicron-scale (TCP-S) surface structure are characterized and their bone forming potential is evaluated in a canine ectopic implantation model. After 12 weeks of implantation in the paraspinal muscle of four beagles, sporadic bone (0.1 ± 0.1%) is observed in two Actifuse implants (2/4), limited bone (2.1 ± 1.4%) in four MBCP implants (4/4) and abundant bone (21.6 ± 4.5%) is formed in all TCP-S implants (4/4). Bone is not observed in any of the Bio-Oss, Bi-Ostetic, Vitoss, chronOs and TCP-B implants (0/4). When correlating the bone forming potential with the physicochemical properties of each material, we observe that the physical characteristics (e.g. grain size and micropore size at the submicron scale) might be the dominant trigger of material directed bone formation via specific mechanotransduction, instead of protein adsorption, surface mineralization and calcium ion release.

中文翻译：

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骨形成能力随磷酸钙骨替代物理化性质的变化

由于它们的生物活性和与骨骼无机成分的化学相似性，磷酸钙（CaP）材料被广泛用于骨骼再生。六种市售的CaP骨替代物（Bio-Oss，Actifuse，Bi-Ostetic，MBCP，Vitoss和chronOs），以及两种具有微米级（TCP-B）或亚微米级（TCP）的磷酸三钙（TCP）陶瓷-S）的表面结构被表征，并在犬异位植入模型中评估了它们的骨形成潜力。在四个小猎犬的椎旁肌中植入12周后，在两个Actifuse植入物（2/4）中观察到零星的骨（0.1±0.1％），在四个MBCP植入物（4/4）中观察到有限的骨（2.1±1.4％）并且所有TCP-S植入物（4/4）中都形成了丰富的骨头（21.6±4.5％）。在任何Bio-Oss，Bi-Ostetic，Vitoss，chronO和TCP-B植入物（0/4）。当将骨形成潜能与每种材料的理化特性相关联时，我们观察到其物理特性（（例如亚微米级的晶粒尺寸和微孔尺寸）可能是通过特定的机械传导而不是蛋白质吸附，表面矿化和钙离子释放，直接导致了材料定向骨形成的主要触发因素。