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Extended gamma-ray sources around pulsars constrain the origin of the positron flux at Earth
Science ( IF 56.9 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-16 , DOI: 10.1126/science.aan4880
A. U. Abeysekara 1 , A. Albert 2 , R. Alfaro 3 , C. Alvarez 4 , J. D. Álvarez 5 , R. Arceo 4 , J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez 5 , D. Avila Rojas 3 , H. A. Ayala Solares 6 , A. S. Barber 1 , N. Bautista-Elivar 7 , A. Becerril 3 , E. Belmont-Moreno 3 , S. Y. BenZvi 8 , D. Berley 9 , A. Bernal 10 , J. Braun 11 , C. Brisbois 6 , K. S. Caballero-Mora 4 , T. Capistrán 12 , A. Carramiñana 12 , S. Casanova 13, 14 , M. Castillo 5 , U. Cotti 5 , J. Cotzomi 15 , S. Coutiño de León 12 , C. De León 15 , E. De la Fuente 16 , B. L. Dingus 2 , M. A. DuVernois 11 , J. C. Díaz-Vélez 16 , R. W. Ellsworth 17 , K. Engel 9 , O. Enríquez-Rivera 18 , D. W. Fiorino 9 , N. Fraija 10 , J. A. García-González 3 , F. Garfias 10 , M. Gerhardt 6 , A. González Muñoz 3 , M. M. González 10 , J. A. Goodman 9 , Z. Hampel-Arias 11 , J. P. Harding 2 , S. Hernández 3 , A. Hernández-Almada 3 , J. Hinton 14 , B. Hona 6 , C. M. Hui 19 , P. Hüntemeyer 6 , A. Iriarte 10 , A. Jardin-Blicq 14 , V. Joshi 14 , S. Kaufmann 4 , D. Kieda 1 , A. Lara 18 , R. J. Lauer 20 , W. H. Lee 10 , D. Lennarz 21 , H. León Vargas 3 , J. T. Linnemann 22 , A. L. Longinotti 12 , G. Luis Raya 7 , R. Luna-García 23 , R. López-Coto 14 , K. Malone 24 , S. S. Marinelli 22 , O. Martinez 15 , I. Martinez-Castellanos 9 , J. Martínez-Castro 23 , H. Martínez-Huerta 25 , J. A. Matthews 20 , P. Miranda-Romagnoli 26 , E. Moreno 15 , M. Mostafá 24 , L. Nellen 27 , M. Newbold 1 , M. U. Nisa 8 , R. Noriega-Papaqui 26 , R. Pelayo 23 , J. Pretz 24 , E. G. Pérez-Pérez 7 , Z. Ren 20 , C. D. Rho 8 , C. Rivière 9 , D. Rosa-González 12 , M. Rosenberg 24 , E. Ruiz-Velasco 3 , H. Salazar 15 , F. Salesa Greus 13 , A. Sandoval 3 , M. Schneider 28 , H. Schoorlemmer 14 , G. Sinnis 2 , A. J. Smith 9 , R. W. Springer 1 , P. Surajbali 14 , I. Taboada 21 , O. Tibolla 4 , K. Tollefson 22 , I. Torres 12 , T. N. Ukwatta 2 , G. Vianello 29 , T. Weisgarber 11 , S. Westerhoff 11 , I. G. Wisher 11 , J. Wood 11 , T. Yapici 22 , G. Yodh 30 , P. W. Younk 2 , A. Zepeda 4, 25 , H. Zhou 2 , F. Guo 2 , J. Hahn 14 , H. Li 2 , H. Zhang 2
Affiliation  

Exotic origin for cosmic positrons Several cosmic-ray detectors have found more positrons arriving at Earth than expected. Some researchers interpret this as a signature of exotic physics, such as the annihilation of dark matter particles. Others prefer a more mundane explanation that involves positron generation at pulsars followed by diffusion to Earth. Abeysekara et al. detected extended emission of gamma rays around two nearby pulsars, generated by high-energy electrons and positrons. The size of the extended emission was used to calculate how far positrons generated by the pulsars diffuse through space—which turns out to be insufficient to reach Earth. The excess positrons detected on Earth must therefore have a more exotic origin than nearby pulsars. Science, this issue p. 911 Extended gamma-ray emission around nearby pulsars indicates that positrons arriving at Earth must have an exotic origin. The unexpectedly high flux of cosmic-ray positrons detected at Earth may originate from nearby astrophysical sources, dark matter, or unknown processes of cosmic-ray secondary production. We report the detection, using the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC), of extended tera–electron volt gamma-ray emission coincident with the locations of two nearby middle-aged pulsars (Geminga and PSR B0656+14). The HAWC observations demonstrate that these pulsars are indeed local sources of accelerated leptons, but the measured tera–electron volt emission profile constrains the diffusion of particles away from these sources to be much slower than previously assumed. We demonstrate that the leptons emitted by these objects are therefore unlikely to be the origin of the excess positrons, which may have a more exotic origin.

中文翻译:

脉冲星周围扩展的伽马射线源限制了地球正电子通量的起源

宇宙正电子的奇异起源 几个宇宙射线探测器发现到达地球的正电子比预期的多。一些研究人员将此解释为奇异物理学的标志,例如暗物质粒子的湮灭。其他人更喜欢一个更平凡的解释,即脉冲星产生正电子,然后扩散到地球。阿贝塞卡拉等人。检测到由高能电子和正电子产生的两个附近脉冲星周围的伽马射线的扩展发射。扩展发射的大小被用来计算脉冲星产生的正电子在太空中扩散的距离——结果证明这不足以到达地球。因此,在地球上探测到的多余正电子必须比附近的脉冲星具有更奇特的起源。科学,这个问题 p。911 附近脉冲星周围的扩展伽马射线发射表明到达地球的正电子一定有一个奇异的起源。在地球上探测到的宇宙射线正电子出乎意料的高通量可能来自附近的天体物理源、暗物质或宇宙射线二次生产的未知过程。我们报告了使用高海拔水切伦科夫天文台 (HAWC) 检测到与附近两个中年脉冲星(Geminga 和 PSR B0656+14)的位置一致的扩展太电子伏特伽马射线发射。HAWC 观测表明,这些脉冲星确实是加速轻子的局部来源,但测量的太电子伏特发射剖面限制了粒子远离这些来源的扩散比以前假设的要慢得多。
更新日期:2017-11-16
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