For more than a century, copper has been used as a promoter in cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with diverse nucleophiles to construct C–C and C-heteroatom bonds. The discovery of rate acceleration effect of organic ligands has expanded the scope of copper catalysis, facilitating to conduct new reactions under ambient conditions, allowing the selective C–X functionalization of aryl halides with diverse sensitive functionalities in a single step. This review confers the advancements in copper-mediated direct transformation of aryl halides in to trifluoromethylated arenes, aryl nitriles, phenols, aryl thiols, anilines, and nitroarenes and also the mechanistic aspects of these reactions.

中文翻译：

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铜介导的芳基卤化物的C–X功能化

一个多世纪以来，铜一直用作芳基卤化物与各种亲核试剂的交叉偶联反应中的促进剂，以构建CC和C-杂原子键。有机配体的速率加速作用的发现扩大了铜催化的范围，有利于在环境条件下进行新的反应，使具有多种敏感功能的芳基卤化物的选择性C–X功能化可以在一个步骤中完成。这项审查提供了在铜介导的芳基卤化物直接转化为三氟甲基化的芳烃，芳基腈，苯酚，芳基硫醇，苯胺和硝基芳烃的进展，以及这些反应的机理方面。