This work discusses the effect of the crystal structure of Ni–Sn and Cu–Sn intermetallic catalysts on phenol hydroxylation. All catalysts were prepared via the mechanical alloying (MA) technique which is a green process for catalyst preparation. The results showed that the prepared catalysts consisted of monoclinic (Ni₃Sn₄ and Cu₆Sn₅) and hexagonal (Ni₃Sn and Cu₆Sn₅(HT)) crystal structures. The catalytic activity of all synthesized catalysts for phenol hydroxylation demonstrated that both Ni₃Sn₄ and Ni₃Sn exhibited better catalytic activity than Cu₆Sn₅ and Cu₆Sn₅(HT), and Ni₃Sn, having a hexagonal crystal structure, showed the best catalytic activity (>97% conversion) at 363 K, 3 h, 1 : 4 phenol : H₂O₂, and 50 mg of catalyst content, giving CAT (60.28% yield) and HQ (36.82% yield) with no over-oxidation of CAT and HQ as time elapsed.

中文翻译：

---

机械合金化制备的M-Sn金属间化合物（M = Ni，Cu）对酚羟基化的影响

这项工作讨论了镍锡和铜锡金属间催化剂的晶体结构对酚羟基化的影响。所有催化剂都是通过机械合金化（MA）技术制备的，这是一种制备催化剂的绿色工艺。结果表明，所制备的催化剂由单斜晶（Ni ₃ Sn ₄和Cu ₆ Sn ₅）和六方晶形（Ni ₃ Sn和Cu ₆ Sn ₅（HT））组成。所有合成的苯酚羟基化催化剂的催化活性均表明Ni ₃ Sn ₄和Ni ₃ Sn均表现出比Cu更好的催化活性。具有六方晶体结构的₆ Sn ₅和Cu ₆ Sn ₅（HT）和Ni ₃ Sn在363 K，3 h，1：4苯酚：H ₂ O _2下显示出最佳的催化活性（> 97％转化率），和50 mg的催化剂含量，得到CAT（60.28％的收率）和HQ（36.82％的收率），而随着时间的流逝，CAT和HQ不会过度氧化。