Growing amounts of poultry litter call for improved treatment solutions. Its conversion to renewable energy can offer a solution while concomitantly reducing environmental impact and reliance on fossil fuels. We compared the production and combustion of biochar by slow pyrolysis to that of hydrochar by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in terms of char behavior, energetics, and gas emissions. Poultry litter is significantly different from other feedstocks when treated by slow pyrolysis and HTC, and requires a detailed study of its combustion behavior before it can be utilized in large-scale energy generation. Poultry litter was converted to biochar at 450 °C, and to hydrochar at 180, 200, 220 and 250 °C. Their chemical composition, combustion behavior and gaseous emissions were characterized by TGA–FTIR analysis. Hydrochar produced at 250 °C was more energy-dense than biochar, resulting in 24% higher net energy generation. Combustion behavior of hydrochar produced at 180, 200 and 220 °C was similar to that of the original litter, which is typical of biomass. On the other hand, hydrochar produced at 250 °C and biochar were more similar to coal. The main gaseous emissions during char production were CO₂, CH₄ and H₂S. During the combustion step, NO and SO₂ emissions were higher for hydrochar than biochar. Increasing HTC production temperature decreased emissions of CH₄ and NH₃ during hydrochar combustion. Biochar’s emissions were more significant during the production step than during combustion, whereas the opposite held true for hydrochar. Thus, HTC was seen to convert poultry litter more efficiently into a solid fuel that can potentially replace 10% of coal in the generation of electricity, thereby significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with electricity generation and agricultural waste.

越来越多的家禽垫料需要改进的处理方案。将其转换为可再生能源可以提供解决方案，同时减少对环境的影响并减少对化石燃料的依赖。在焦炭行为，高能和气体排放方面，我们将慢速热解生产的生物炭与热液碳化（HTC）的生产和燃烧进行了比较。家禽垫料经过慢速热解和HTC处理后，与其他原料有显着不同，并且在将其用于大规模能源生产之前，需要对其燃烧行为进行详细研究。将家禽垫料在450°C的温度下转化为生物炭，并在180、200、220和250°C的温度下转化为水焦。通过TGA-FTIR分析表征了它们的化学成分，燃烧行为和气体排放。在250°C的温度下产生的碳氢化合物比生物碳更密集，因此产生的净能量增加了24％。在180、200和220°C下产生的水炭的燃烧行为与原始垃圾的燃烧行为相似，这是生物质的典型特征。另一方面，在250°C时产生的水焦炭和生物炭与煤更相似。焦炭生产过程中的主要气体排放为一氧化碳₂，CH ₄和H ₂ S.在燃烧步骤中，NO和SO ₂排放量为hydrochar比生物炭更高。HTC生产温度的提高降低了碳氢化合物燃烧期间CH ₄和NH _3的排放。在生产过程中，生物炭的排放量要比燃烧过程中的排放量大得多，而对于水焦炭，则恰恰相反。因此，人们认为HTC可以将家禽垃圾更有效地转化为固体燃料，可以在发电中替代10％的煤炭，从而显着减少与发电和农业废弃物相关的温室气体排放。