The electrochemical, aptamer-based (E-AB) sensor platform provides a modular approach to the continuous, real-time measurement of specific molecular targets (irrespective of their chemical reactivity) in situ in the living body. To achieve this, however, requires the fabrication of sensors small enough to insert into a vein, which, for the rat animal model we employ, entails devices less than 200 μm in diameter. The limited surface area of these small devices leads, in turn, to low faradaic currents and poor signal-to-noise ratios when deployed in the complex, fluctuating environments found in vivo. In response we have developed an electrochemical roughening approach that enhances the signaling of small electrochemical sensors by increasing the microscopic surface area of gold electrodes, allowing in this case more redox-reporter-modified aptamers to be packed onto the surface, thus producing significantly improved signal-to-noise ratios. Unlike previous approaches to achieving microscopically rough gold surfaces, our method employs chronoamperometric pulsing in a 5 min etching process easily compatible with batch manufacturing. Using these high surface area electrodes, we demonstrate the ability of E-AB sensors to measure complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles in live rats with precision of better than 10% in the determination of drug disposition parameters.

中文翻译：

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通过电化学粗化生成的高表面积电极改善了基于电化学适体的生物传感器的信号传递

基于电化学适体（E-AB）的传感器平台提供了一种模块化方法，可以在生物体内原位连续，实时地测量特定分子靶标（无论其化学反应性如何）。然而，要实现这一点，需要制造足够小以插入静脉的传感器，对于我们采用的大鼠模型，这需要直径小于200μm的设备。这些小型设备的有限表面积又导致在体内发现的复杂，波动的环境中部署时，法拉第电流较低，信噪比也较差。作为回应，我们开发了一种电化学粗糙化方法，可通过增加金电极的微观表面积来增强小型电化学传感器的信号，在这种情况下，可以将更多的氧化还原记者修饰的适体包装到表面上，从而显着提高信噪比。与以前的实现微观金表面粗糙的方法不同，我们的方法在5分钟的蚀刻过程中采用计时安培脉冲，很容易与批量生产兼容。使用这些高表面积电极，我们证明了E-AB传感器能够在确定药物处置参数的过程中，以超过10％的精度来测量活大鼠中完整的药物药代动力学特征。我们的方法在5分钟的蚀刻过程中采用计时电流脉冲，很容易与批量生产兼容。使用这些高表面积电极，我们证明了E-AB传感器能够在确定药物处置参数的过程中，以超过10％的精度来测量活大鼠中完整的药物药代动力学特征。我们的方法在5分钟的蚀刻过程中采用计时电流脉冲，很容易与批量生产兼容。使用这些高表面积电极，我们证明了E-AB传感器能够在确定药物处置参数的过程中，以超过10％的精度来测量活大鼠中完整的药物药代动力学特征。