Recently, there is an increasing interest in ammonia sensing and detection for a wide range of applications, including food, automotive, chemical, environmental, and medical sectors. A major challenge is to obtain selective, sensitive and environmentally stable sensing polymer/chemical materials that can meet the stringent performance requirements of these application areas. Among various polymer-based sensing materials, polyaniline has emerged as a preferred choice owing to its cost-effectiveness, facile preparation steps, and superior sensing performance towards ammonia.

In this review, advances in polyaniline based ammonia detection sensors are summarized, with a special focus on progresses in polyaniline modification techniques to achieve enhanced sensing performance. These techniques utilize interfacial and high dilution syntheses, multifunctional dopants, template synthesis, self-oxidizing template synthesis, etc., methods. Most up-to-date developments in combining polyaniline with other ammonia sensing materials, including polyaniline nanocomposites with metal oxides, graphene, carbon nanotubes and other carbon nanomaterials, are included. These novel nanocomposites have special capabilities of forming p-n nanojunctions or electron interphase interactions for superior detection sensitivity and selectivity. In addition, existing challenges toward understanding, reproducing, and optimizing the design of polyaniline based ammonia sensors are discussed.

近来，人们对氨感测和检测的广泛兴趣日益增长，其广泛应用包括食品，汽车，化学，环境和医疗领域。一个主要的挑战是获得能够满足这些应用领域的严格性能要求的选择性，灵敏且对环境稳定的传感聚合物/化学材料。在各种基于聚合物的传感材料中，聚苯胺由于其成本效益，易于制备的步骤以及对氨的优异传感性能而成为一种首选。

在这篇综述中，总结了基于聚苯胺的氨检测传感器的进展，特别关注聚苯胺改性技术的进展，以实现增强的传感性能。这些技术利用界面和高稀释度合成，多功能掺杂剂，模板合成，自氧化模板合成等方法。包括将聚苯胺与其他氨感测材料结合在一起的最新进展，包括与金属氧化物，石墨烯，碳纳米管和其他碳纳米材料的聚苯胺纳米复合材料。这些新颖的纳米复合材料具有形成p - n的特殊能力。纳米结或电子相间相互作用，具有出色的检测灵敏度和选择性。此外，还讨论了对基于聚苯胺的氨传感器的理解，复制和优化设计的现有挑战。