High-quality semiconducting perovskites can be easily synthesized through several methods. The ease of fabrication has favored the adoption of lab-scale solution-processing techniques, which have yielded the highest performing devices. Most of these processes, however, are not directly applicable to larger scale and volume preparations, hindering the consolidation and market entry of this technology. Vapor-based methods, a mature technology widely adopted in the coating and semiconductor industry, could change this trend. Their application to perovskite solar cells includes a large amount of fabrication approaches, offering versatility in the employed materials as well as in the characteristics of the resulting perovskite films. It is thus essential to review the fundamentals of perovskite vapor-related techniques in order to put their real potential and challenges into perspective.

高质量的半导体钙钛矿可以通过多种方法轻松合成。易于制造有利于采用实验室规模的溶液处理技术，从而产生了性能最高的器件。但是，这些过程中的大多数都不能直接应用于大规模和大批量的准备工作，从而阻碍了该技术的整合和市场准入。气相法是一种在涂料和半导体行业广泛采用的成熟技术，可以改变这种趋势。它们在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用包括大量制造方法，在所用材料以及所得钙钛矿薄膜的特性方面提供了多功能性。