Pseudoreplication is controversial across experimental biology. Researchers in the same field can disagree on whether a given study suffers from pseudoreplication and on to what extent any pseudoreplication undermines the value of a study. A recent survey indicated that concerns about pseudoreplication can strongly impact peer review of manuscripts submitted for publication. Here we explore controversies around pseudoreplication, identify issues requiring resolution, and in each case offer a resolution. We emphasise that having non-independence in data points and pseudoreplicating are not the same thing. Researchers should be able to demonstrate that in a given experiment they have minimised and controlled the risk of non-independence weakening their study. If they do that to the satisfaction of others, they have avoided pseudoreplication.

在整个实验生物学中，伪复制是有争议的。同一领域的研究人员可以就给定的研究是否遭受假复制以及任何假复制在多大程度上破坏研究的价值达成不同意见。最近的一项调查表明，对伪复制的担忧会严重影响对提交出版的手稿的同行评审。在这里，我们探讨有关伪复制的争议，确定需要解决的问题，并在每种情况下提供解决方案。我们强调在数据点上具有非独立性与伪复制不是同一回事。研究人员应该能够证明，在给定的实验中，他们已最小化并控制了非独立性的风险，从而削弱了他们的研究。如果他们这样做可以使他人满意，那么他们可以避免伪复制。