The present study assessed the suitability of using QuEChERS procedure for the simultaneous determination and quantification of 37 multi-class pesticides in human hair. Matrix co-eluted material had a large influence on instrumental response sensitivity. Purification was needed although dSPE cleanup sorbent selection critically influenced analyte recovery. Optimized protocol using Z-Sep+ sorbent successfully achieved recovery of 28 pesticides with high sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. Limits of detection ranged from 0.2 to 86.6 pg mg-1 and from 0.5 to 6.3 pg mg-1 for GC and UPLC amenable substances respectively. Pyrethroid pesticides were the most influenced by matrix effects which explained the higher limits of quantification retained for these substances. On the contrary, high sensitivity was achieved for UPLC amenable substances (LOD < 1 pg mg-1 for atrazine, deisopropylatrazine, desethylatrazine, and imidacloprid). Suitability for monitoring pesticide exposure was assessed by application of the proposed protocol to samples collected on the field. Hairs of the volunteers were found positive to 8 pesticides with every sample containing at least one residue. Among these pesticides, only 3 were reported as used in local vegetable production, which suggested other sources of exposure. The developed method offers a sensitive, robust, and accessible tool for biomonitoring of human exposure.

中文翻译：

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使用 GC-MS 和 UPLC-MS/MS 开发一种改进的 QuEChERS 方法，用于人头发中的多类农药分析

本研究评估了使用 QuEChERS 程序同时测定和定量人发中 37 种多类农药的适用性。基质共流出物质对仪器响应灵敏度有很大影响。尽管 dSPE 净化吸附剂的选择会严重影响分析物的回收率，但仍需要进行纯化。使用 Z-Sep+ 吸附剂的优化方案以高灵敏度、精密度和准确度成功回收了 28 种农药。GC 和 UPLC 可检测物质的检测限分别为 0.2 至 86.6 pg mg-1 和 0.5 至 6.3 pg mg-1。拟除虫菊酯农药受基质效应的影响最大，这解释了这些物质保留的较高定量限。相反，UPLC 可检测物质获得了高灵敏度 (LOD < 1 pg mg-1 用于莠去津、去异丙基莠去津、去乙基莠去津和吡虫啉）。监测农药暴露的适用性是通过将提议的协议应用于现场收集的样本来评估的。志愿者的头发被发现对 8 种农药呈阳性，每个样本至少含有一种残留物。在这些杀虫剂中，只有 3 种被报告用于本地蔬菜生产，这表明其他接触源。所开发的方法为人体暴露的生物监测提供了一种灵敏、稳健且易于使用的工具。志愿者的头发被发现对 8 种农药呈阳性，每个样本至少含有一种残留物。在这些杀虫剂中，只有 3 种被报告用于本地蔬菜生产，这表明其他接触源。所开发的方法为人体暴露的生物监测提供了一种灵敏、稳健且易于使用的工具。志愿者的头发被发现对 8 种农药呈阳性，每个样本至少含有一种残留物。在这些杀虫剂中，只有 3 种被报告用于本地蔬菜生产，这表明其他接触源。所开发的方法为人体暴露的生物监测提供了一种灵敏、稳健且易于使用的工具。