Vervet monkeys are among the most widely distributed nonhuman primates, show considerable phenotypic diversity, and have long been an important biomedical model for a variety of human diseases and in vaccine research. Using whole-genome sequencing data from 163 vervets sampled from across Africa and the Caribbean, we find high diversity within and between taxa and clear evidence that taxonomic divergence was reticulate rather than following a simple branching pattern. A scan for diversifying selection across taxa identifies strong and highly polygenic selection signals affecting viral processes. Furthermore, selection scores are elevated in genes whose human orthologs interact with HIV and in genes that show a response to experimental simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in vervet monkeys but not in rhesus macaques, suggesting that part of the signal reflects taxon-specific adaptation to SIV.

中文翻译：

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古老的杂交和对非洲黑长尾猴种群对病毒的强适应性。

黑长尾猴属于分布最广的非人类灵长类动物，表现出可观的表型多样性，长期以来一直是各种人类疾病和疫苗研究的重要生物医学模型。使用来自非洲和加勒比海地区的163个黑藜芦的全基因组测序数据，我们发现生物分类内和生物分类之间存在高度多样性，并清楚地表明生物分类差异是网状的，而不是遵循简单的分支模式。跨分类群进行多样化选择的扫描可识别影响病毒过程的强而高度多基因的选择信号。此外，在人类直系同源物与HIV相互作用的基因中，以及在黑长尾猴中对实验猿猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）感染有反应的基因中，选择分数提高了，但在猕猴中却没有，