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The First Microbial Colonizers of the Human Gut: Composition, Activities, and Health Implications of the Infant Gut Microbiota
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews ( IF 12.9 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-08 , DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00036-17
Christian Milani 1 , Sabrina Duranti 1 , Francesca Bottacini 2 , Eoghan Casey 2 , Francesca Turroni 1, 3 , Jennifer Mahony 2 , Clara Belzer 4 , Susana Delgado Palacio 5 , Silvia Arboleya Montes 5 , Leonardo Mancabelli 1 , Gabriele Andrea Lugli 1 , Juan Miguel Rodriguez 6 , Lars Bode 7 , Willem de Vos 4, 8 , Miguel Gueimonde 5 , Abelardo Margolles 5 , Douwe van Sinderen 2 , Marco Ventura 1, 3
Affiliation  

SUMMARY The human gut microbiota is engaged in multiple interactions affecting host health during the host's entire life span. Microbes colonize the neonatal gut immediately following birth. The establishment and interactive development of this early gut microbiota are believed to be (at least partially) driven and modulated by specific compounds present in human milk. It has been shown that certain genomes of infant gut commensals, in particular those of bifidobacterial species, are genetically adapted to utilize specific glycans of this human secretory fluid, thus representing a very intriguing example of host-microbe coevolution, where both partners are believed to benefit. In recent years, various metagenomic studies have tried to dissect the composition and functionality of the infant gut microbiome and to explore the distribution across the different ecological niches of the infant gut biogeography of the corresponding microbial consortia, including those corresponding to bacteria and viruses, in healthy and ill subjects. Such analyses have linked certain features of the microbiota/microbiome, such as reduced diversity or aberrant composition, to intestinal illnesses in infants or disease states that are manifested at later stages of life, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and metabolic disorders. Thus, a growing number of studies have reported on how the early human gut microbiota composition/development may affect risk factors related to adult health conditions. This concept has fueled the development of strategies to shape the infant microbiota composition based on various functional food products. In this review, we describe the infant microbiota, the mechanisms that drive its establishment and composition, and how microbial consortia may be molded by natural or artificial interventions. Finally, we discuss the relevance of key microbial players of the infant gut microbiota, in particular bifidobacteria, with respect to their role in health and disease.



中文翻译:

人类肠道的第一个微生物定殖者:婴儿肠道菌群的组成,活性和健康意义

概括人类肠道菌群在宿主的整个生命周期中参与多种影响宿主健康的相互作用。微生物在出生后立即定居在新生儿肠道中。据信,这种早期肠道菌群的建立和相互作用是(至少部分)由人乳中存在的特定化合物驱动和调节的。已经表明,婴儿肠道共生体的某些基因组,特别是双歧杆菌物种的那些,在基因上适于利用该人类分泌液的特定聚糖,因此代表了宿主-微生物共同进化的非常有趣的例子,据信双方都是益处。最近几年,各种宏基因组学研究试图剖析婴儿肠道微生物组的组成和功能,并探索健康和患病受试者在相应肠道菌群的婴儿肠道生物地理学(包括与细菌和病毒相对应的微生物)生物地理学的不同生态位上的分布。 。此类分析已将微生物群/微生物组的某些​​特征(例如多样性降低或组成异常)与婴儿的肠道疾病或在生命的后期阶段表现出的疾病(包括哮喘,炎性肠病和代谢紊乱)联系在一起。因此,越来越多的研究报告了早期人类肠道微生物群的组成/发育如何影响与成人健康状况相关的危险因素。这个概念推动了基于各种功能性食品来塑造婴儿微生物群组成的策略的发展。在这篇综述中,我们描述了婴儿菌群,驱动其建立和组成的机制,以及如何通过自然或人工干预来塑造微生物菌群。最后,我们讨论了婴儿肠道菌群(尤其是双歧杆菌)的关键微生物参与者在健康和疾病中的作用。

更新日期:2017-11-10
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