The development of the ocular vasculatures is perfectly synchronized to provide the nutritional and oxygen requirements of the forming human eye. The fetal vasculature of vitreous, which includes the hyaloid vasculature, vasa hyaloidea propria, and tunica vasculosa lentis, initially develops around 4–6 weeks gestation (WG) by hemo-vasculogenesis (development of blood and blood vessels from a common progenitor, the hemangioblast). This transient fetal vasculature expands around 12 WG by angiogenesis (budding from primordial vessels) and remains until a retinal vasculature begins to form. The fetal vasculature then regresses by apoptosis with the assistance of macrophages/hyalocytes. The human choroidal vasculature also forms by a similar process and will supply nutrients and oxygen to outer retina. This lobular vasculature develops in a dense collagenous tissue juxtaposed with a cell constitutively producing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the retinal pigment epithelium. This epithelial/endothelial relationship is critical in maintaining the function of this vasculature throughout life and maintaining it's fenestrated state. The lobular capillary system (choriocapillaris) develops first by hemo-vasculogenesis and then the intermediate choroidal blood vessels form by angiogenesis, budding from the choriocapillaris. The human retinal vasculature is the last to develop. It develops by vasculogenesis, assembly of CXCR4⁺/CD39⁺ angioblasts or vascular progenitors perhaps using Muller cell Notch1 or axonal neuropilinin-1 for guidance of semaphorin 3A-expressing angioblasts. The fovea never develops a retinal vasculature, which is probably due to the foveal avascular zone area of retina expressing high levels of antiangiogenic factors. From these studies, it is apparent that development of the mouse ocular vasculatures is not representative of the development of the human fetal, choroidal and retinal vasculatures.

眼部脉管系统的发育完全同步，以提供形成人眼的营养和氧气需求。玻璃体的胎儿脉管系统，包括玻璃状脉管系统，脉管透明质酸和轻度脉管炎，最初会在妊娠4-6周后通过血液血管生成而发育（WG和血管由共同的祖细胞成血管细胞发育而来）。 ）。这种短暂的胎儿脉管系统通过血管生成（从原始血管萌芽）扩展到12 WG左右，一直保持到视网膜脉管系统开始形成为止。然后在巨噬细胞/透明细胞的辅助下，通过凋亡使胎儿脉管系统消退。人脉络膜脉管系统也通过类似的过程形成，并将向视网膜外层提供营养和氧气。这种小叶脉管系统在密集的胶原组织中发展，该组织与细胞组成性地产生血管内皮生长因子（VEGF），即视网膜色素上皮。这种上皮/内皮的关系对于在整个生命中维持该脉管系统的功能并维持其开窗状态至关重要。小叶毛细血管系统（脉络膜毛细血管）首先通过血液血管生成而发展，然后通过脉管血管形成形成中间脉络膜血管，从脉络膜毛细血管中萌芽。人的视网膜脉管系统是最后发展的。它通过血管生成，CXCR4的组装而发育 这种上皮/内皮的关系对于在整个生命中维持该脉管系统的功能并维持其开窗状态至关重要。小叶毛细血管系统（脉络膜毛细血管）首先通过血液血管生成而发展，然后通过脉管血管形成形成中间脉络膜血管，从脉络膜毛细血管中萌芽。人的视网膜脉管系统是最后发展的。它通过血管生成，CXCR4的组装而发育 这种上皮/内皮的关系对于在整个生命中维持该脉管系统的功能并维持其开窗状态至关重要。小叶毛细血管系统（脉络膜毛细血管）首先通过血液血管生成而发展，然后通过脉管血管形成形成中间脉络膜血管，从脉络膜毛细血管中萌芽。人的视网膜脉管系统是最后发展的。它通过血管生成，CXCR4的组装而发育⁺ / CD39 ⁺血管母细胞或血管祖细胞，可能使用Muller细胞Notch1或轴突神经菌素-1指导表达semaphorin 3A的血管母细胞。中央凹从未发展成视网膜脉管系统，这可能是由于视网膜的中央凹无血管区域表达高水平的抗血管生成因子所致。从这些研究中，很明显，小鼠眼部脉管系统的发育不能代表人类胎儿，脉络膜和视网膜脉管系统的发育。