Vanadium flow battery (VFB) has received tremendous attention because of its advantages such as long lifespan, easy to scale and flexible operation. Fabricating novel electrodes with high power density and wide operating temperature is critical to promote the practical application of VFB for all-climate energy storage. In this work, we describe a well-controlled method to prepare holey-engineered porous graphite felt (PGF) electrodes, in which nanosized pores are evenly distributed on the microscale graphite fibers of the graphite felt. Owing to its excellent electrolyte wettability and greatly enhanced surface area, the as-prepared PGF electrode exhibits high electrochemical activity towards VO²⁺/VO₂⁺ and V²⁺/V³⁺ redox couples. As a result, the VFB single cell assembled with PGF electrodes demonstrates outstanding rate performance under current density up to 300 mA cm⁻². The resulting PGF electrode also exhibits superior long-term stability over 3000 charging-discharging cycles at a high current density of 150 mA cm⁻², and wide temperature adaptability from − 20 °C to 60 °C.

钒液流电池（VFB）具有使用寿命长，易于缩放和操作灵活等优点，因此受到了广泛的关注。制造具有高功率密度和宽工作温度的新型电极对于促进VFB在全气候能量存储中的实际应用至关重要。在这项工作中，我们描述了一种可控的方法来制备多孔工程多孔石墨毡（PGF）电极，其中纳米级的孔均匀分布在石墨毡的微米级石墨纤维上。由于其优异的电解质润湿性和大大增加的表面积，所制备的PGF电极对VO ²⁺ / VO ₂ ⁺和V ²⁺ / V ³⁺具有很高的电化学活性。氧化还原夫妇。结果，组装有PGF电极的VFB单电池在高达300mA cm ^-2的电流密度下表现出优异的速率性能。所得的PGF电极在150mA cm ^-2的高电流密度下在3000次充放电循环中还表现出优异的长期稳定性，以及在-20℃至60℃的宽温度适应性。