Historical use of neurosurgical interventions for depression has mostly involved ablative procedures. Their invasive and permanent nature made controlled studies difficult, and their use declined after the mid-20th century with the discovery and widespread use of medications. More than half a century later, with the low effectiveness of psychiatric medications, the advent of more reliable stereotactic methods than previously, modern brain stimulation, and a clearer understanding of the functional neuroanatomy of psychiatric disorders, came a resurrection in device-based, neurosurgical interventions, including deep brain stimulation (DBS).

中文翻译：

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破解深部脑刺激以抑制抑郁

神经外科手术治疗抑郁症的历史使用主要涉及消融手术。它们的侵入性和永久性使对照研究变得困难，随着药物的发现和广泛使用，它们的使用在20世纪中叶以后有所下降。半个多世纪后，由于精神药物的疗效低下，比以前更可靠的立体定向方法的出现，现代的大脑刺激以及对精神疾病功能神经解剖学的更清晰了解，使基于设备的神经外科技术得以复活干预措施，包括深部脑刺激（DBS）。