Organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made a striking breakthrough with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 22%. However, before moving to commercialization, the hysteresis of PSCs, characterized as an inconsistent photovoltaic conversion property at varied electric fields, should be eliminated for stable performance. Herein, we present a novel quadruple-cation perovskite absorber, K_xCs_0.05(FA_0.85MA_0.15)_0.95Pb(I_0.85Br_0.15)₃ (labeled as KCsFAMA), with which the hysteresis in PSCs can be fully eliminated irrespective of the electron transportation layers. The incorporation of potassium intensively promotes the crystallization of the perovskite film with a grain size up to ∼1 μm, doubled compared to the K free counterparts. Further characterization revealed that a lower interface defect density, longer carrier lifetime and fast charge transportation have all made contributions to the hysteresis-free, stable and high PCE (20.56%) of the KCsFAMA devices. Moreover, we present a 6 × 6 cm² sub-module with the KCsFAMA composition achieving a high efficiency of 15.76% without hysteresis. This result suggests that the quadruple-cation perovskite is a highly attractive candidate for future developments of efficient and stable PSC modules.

中文翻译：

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新型四重阳离子吸收剂，可消除通用迟滞，从而实现高效稳定的钙钛矿太阳能电池

有机-无机金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）取得了惊人的突破，功率转换效率（PCE）超过22％。但是，在走向商业化之前，应消除PSC的滞后现象，该滞后现象是在变化的电场下光伏转换特性不一致的特性，因此具有稳定的性能。在这里，我们提出了一种新颖的四阳离子钙钛矿吸收剂，K _x Cs _0.05（FA _0.85 MA _0.15）_0.95 Pb（I _0.85 Br _0.15）₃（标记为KCsFAMA），无论电子传输层如何，都可以完全消除PSC中的磁滞。钾的掺入可显着促进钙钛矿薄膜的结晶，其晶粒尺寸可达〜1μm，与不含K的对应物相比增加了一倍。进一步的特征表明，较低的界面缺陷密度，更长的载流子寿命和快速的电荷传输都为KCsFAMA器件的无滞后，稳定和高PCE（20.56％）做出了贡献。此外，我们提出了具有KCsFAMA组成的6×6 cm ²子模块，实现了15.76％的高效率而没有滞后。该结果表明，四价阳离子钙钛矿是高效和稳定的PSC模块未来发展的极具吸引力的候选者。