Yellow fever (YF) virus in humans causes a spectrum of illness ranging from subclinical to mild, self-limited infections to severe, life-threatening disease. Approximately 200 000 cases of YF occur worldwide during each nonepidemic year, with a case-fatality rate (CFR) of approximately 20% in Africa and 40% to 60% in South America.^1- 3 The most common symptoms of YF include fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and hepatitis; and approximately 15% of infected patients will have a second phase of illness characterized by high fever, jaundice, renal failure, and bleeding, which frequently results in a fatal infection.^1,2 This flavivirus is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes and Haemogogus genera in sylvatic (jungle) cycles between mosquitoes and monkeys with incidental transmission to humans. Urban outbreaks can develop when YF virus is introduced into locations where Ae aegypti are widespread.¹ There is no approved antiviral against YF; therefore, treatment is supportive.

人类的黄热病（YF）病毒会引起多种疾病，从亚临床型到轻度，自限性感染，再到严重的威胁生命的疾病。在每个非流行年份中，全世界约有20万例YF病例，非洲的病死率为（CFR）约20％，南美的病死率为40％至60％。^{1 - 3} YF的最常见的症状包括发烧，恶心，呕吐，腹痛和肝炎; 大约15％的感染患者将患有第二阶段的疾病，其特征是高烧，黄疸，肾衰竭和出血，这通常会导致致命的感染。^{1 ，2个}这黄病毒主要由蚊子传播伊蚊和Haemogogus蚊子和猴子之间的动植物（丛林）周期中的属，偶然传播给人类。当将YF病毒引入埃及伊蚊广泛传播的地方时，可能会爆发城市暴发。¹没有获得批准的针对YF的抗病毒药；因此，治疗是支持性的。