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Estimating the probability of illness due to swimming in recreational water with a mixture of human- and gull-associated microbial source tracking markers
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2017-10-24 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7em00316a
Kendra I. Brown 1, 2, 3, 4 , Katherine E. Graham 1, 2, 3, 4 , Jeffrey A. Soller 4, 5, 6 , Alexandria B. Boehm 1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

Beaches often receive fecal contamination from more than one source. Human sources include untreated sewage as well as treated wastewater effluent, and animal sources include wildlife such as gulls. Different contamination sources are expected to pose different health risks to swimmers. Genetic microbial source tracking (MST) markers can be used to detect bacteria that are associated with different animal sources, but the health risks associated with a mixture of MST markers are unknown. This study presents a method for predicting these health risks, using human- and gull-associated markers as an example. Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) is conducted with MST markers as indicators. We find that risks associated with exposure to a specific concentration of a human-associated MST marker (HF) are greater if the HF source is untreated sewage rather than treated wastewater effluent. We also provide a risk-based threshold of HF from untreated sewage at a beach, to stay below a predicted illness risk of 3 per 100 swimmers, that is a function of gull-associated MST marker (CAT) concentration.

中文翻译:

使用人和与海鸥相关的微生物源跟踪标记物的混合物来估计在娱乐水中游泳引起的疾病的可能性

海滩经常受到不止一种来源的粪便污染。人类来源包括未经处理的污水以及经过处理的废水,动物来源包括野生生物,例如海鸥。期望不同的污染源对游泳者构成不同的健康风险。遗传微生物源跟踪(MST)标记可用于检测与不同动物来源相关的细菌,但是与MST标记的混合物相关的健康风险未知。这项研究以人类和与海鸥相关的标记为例,提出了一种预测这些健康风险的方法。以MST标记物为指标进行定量微生物风险评估(QMRA)。我们发现,如果HF源是未经处理的污水而不是经过处理的废水,则暴露于特定浓度的人类相关MST标记物(HF)的风险更大。我们还提供了基于风险的阈值,该阈值来自海滩未经处理的污水中的HF,以保持在每100名游泳者3的预期疾病风险以下,这是与海鸥相关的MST标记(CAT)浓度的函数。
更新日期:2017-11-08
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