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Improving the accuracy of effect-directed analysis: the role of bioavailability
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2017-10-11 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7em00377c
Jing You 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Huizhen Li 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Affiliation  

Aquatic ecosystems have been suffering from contamination by multiple stressors. Traditional chemical-based risk assessment usually fails to explain the toxicity contributions from contaminants that are not regularly monitored or that have an unknown identity. Diagnosing the causes of noted adverse outcomes in the environment is of great importance in ecological risk assessment and in this regard effect-directed analysis (EDA) has been designed to fulfill this purpose. The EDA approach is now increasingly used in aquatic risk assessment owing to its specialty in achieving effect-directed nontarget analysis; however, a lack of environmental relevance makes conventional EDA less favorable. In particular, ignoring the bioavailability in EDA may cause a biased and even erroneous identification of causative toxicants in a mixture. Taking bioavailability into consideration is therefore of great importance to improve the accuracy of EDA diagnosis. The present article reviews the current status and applications of EDA practices that incorporate bioavailability. The use of biological samples is the most obvious way to include bioavailability into EDA applications, but its development is limited due to the small sample size and lack of evidence for metabolizable compounds. Bioavailability/bioaccessibility-based extraction (bioaccessibility-directed and partitioning-based extraction) and passive-dosing techniques are recommended to be used to integrate bioavailability into EDA diagnosis in abiotic samples. Lastly, the future perspectives of expanding and standardizing the use of biological samples and bioavailability-based techniques in EDA are discussed.

中文翻译:

提高效果导向分析的准确性:生物利用度的作用

水生生态系统一直受到多种压力源的污染。传统的基于化学物质的风险评估通常无法解释未定期监测或身份未知的污染物的毒性贡献。在生态风险评估中,诊断环境中显着不良后果的原因非常重要,在这方面,效果导向分析(EDA)旨在实现这一目的。由于EDA方法专长于实现效果导向的非目标分析,因此现在已越来越多地用于水生风险评估中;但是,由于缺乏环境相关性,传统的EDA不太受欢迎。特别是,忽略EDA中的生物利用度可能会导致混合物中致病性毒物的鉴定偏向甚至错误。因此,考虑生物利用度对于提高EDA诊断的准确性非常重要。本文回顾了结合生物利用度的EDA做法的当前状态和应用。生物样品的使用是将生物利用度纳入EDA应用的最明显方法,但是由于样品量小和缺乏可代谢化合物的证据,其发展受到了限制。建议使用基于生物利用度/生物利用度的提取(基于生物利用度的指示和基于分区的提取)和被动剂量技术将生物利用度整合到非生物样品的EDA诊断中。最后,讨论了在EDA中扩展和标准化使用生物样品和基于生物利用度的技术的未来前景。
更新日期:2017-11-08
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