To put marine disease impacts in context requires a broad perspective on the roles infectious agents have in the ocean. Parasites infect most marine vertebrate and invertebrate species, and parasites and predators can have comparable biomass density, suggesting they play comparable parts as consumers in marine food webs. Although some parasites might increase with disturbance, most probably decline as food webs unravel. There are several ways to adapt epidemiological theory to the marine environment. In particular, because the ocean represents a three-dimensional moving habitat for hosts and parasites, models should open up the spatial scales at which infective stages and host larvae travel. In addition to open recruitment and dimensionality, marine parasites are subject to fishing, filter feeders, dose-dependent infection, environmental forcing, and death-based transmission. Adding such considerations to marine disease models will make it easier to predict which infectious diseases will increase or decre...

中文翻译：

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海洋传染病生态学

要将海洋疾病的影响置于背景中，需要对传染性病原体在海洋中的作用有一个广泛的看法。寄生虫感染大多数海洋脊椎动物和无脊椎动物物种，寄生虫和捕食者的生物量密度相当，这表明它们在海洋食物网中扮演着消费者的角色。虽然一些寄生虫可能会随着干扰而增加，但最有可能随着食物网的解开而减少。有几种方法可以使流行病学理论适应海洋环境。特别是，由于海洋代表宿主和寄生虫的三维移动栖息地，模型应该打开感染阶段和宿主幼虫移动的空间尺度。除了公开招募和维度外，海洋寄生虫还受到捕鱼、滤食性、剂量依赖性感染、环境强迫、和基于死亡的传播。将这些考虑因素添加到海洋疾病模型中将更容易预测哪些传染病会增加或减少……